P4 - Fluids and Vascular Disorders Part 2

Question 1

primary hemostasis goal

Answer 1

• platelet plug formation

Question 2

components of primary hemostasis (3)

Answer 2

• platelet adhesion to vWF
• platelet dense granule release (ADP)
• platelet aggregation

Question 3

components of secondary hemostasis (4)

Answer 3

• tissue factor released
• activates local coagulation factors
• convert prothrombin to thrombin
• fibrin forms around platelets fibrin/platelet aggregate

Question 4

pathways of coagulation (3)

Answer 4

• extrinsic
• intrinsic
• common

Question 5

antithrombotic factors (5)

Answer 5

• anti-thrombin III
• TFPI
• Protein C/S vit K dependent inhibitors of Va and VIIIa
• endothelial products inhibit platelets
• tPA

Question 6

role of anti-thrombin III

Answer 6

• binds heparin-like molecules on enothelium and platelets, inhibits IIa, Xa, and IXa localized to active site

Question 7

role of TFPI

Answer 7

• inactivates TF-VIIa complexes

Question 8

role of protein C/S vit K dependent inhibitors of Va and VIIIa

Answer 8

• IIa activates protein C

- Protein S is a cofactor for protein C

Question 9

tPA activates

Answer 9

• fibrinolysis

Question 10

hemorrhage due to abnormal function or integrity of (3)

Answer 10

• blood vessels
• platelets
• coagulation factors

Question 11

types of hemorrhage (3)

Answer 11

• petechial
• ecchymosis
• suffusive

Question 12

petechial hemorrhage

Answer 12

• due to diapedesis

- < 3mm

Question 13

ecchymosis hemorrhage

Answer 13

• damage to capillary beds

- > 1 cm

Question 14

suffusive hemorrhage

Answer 14

• hemorrhage of large areas

Question 15

factor X deficiency clinical signs

Answer 15

• severe bleeding

Question 16

factor XI deficiency clinical signs

Answer 16

• bleed can be severe after surgery

Question 17

factor IX (hemophilia B) deficiency clinical signs

Answer 17

• variable severity

- can be severe in large dogs

Question 18

factor VIII (hemophilia A) deficiency clinical signs

Answer 18

• mild to severe
• mucosal hemorrhage
• post surgical bleeding

Question 19

vit K dependent deficiency clinical signs

Answer 19

• moderate to severe

- sometimes fatal

Question 20

vWF deficiency clinical signs

Answer 20

• mucosal bleeding can be severe in large dogs and horses
• primary hemostasis
• mildly affected animals do not spontaneously bleed

Question 21

thromboembolus

Answer 21

• persistent or abnormal thrombosis and form in lumen of vessels, blood or lymph

Question 22

mural thrombus

Answer 22

• thrombosis that forms inside of heart

Question 23

thrombus formation due to (3)

Answer 23

• abnormal blood flow
• hypercoagulability
• endothelial injury and activation

Question 24

artery thrombi features

Answer 24

• pale or white

Question 25

venous thrombi features

Answer 25

• red

Question 26

post mortem thrombi

Answer 26

• softer and no vascular attachment

Question 27

small thrombi removal by

Answer 27

• thrombolysis

Question 28

large thrombi removal by

Answer 28

• phagocytes with subsequent granulation tissue

Question 29

common pathway factors (5)

Answer 29

• X
• V
• II
• I
• XIII

Question 30

intrinsic pathway factors (4)

Answer 30

• XII
• XI
• IX
• VIII

Question 31

extrinsic pathway factors (2)

Answer 31

• VII

- tissue factor (III)