P31 - Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Part 5

Question 1

infectious canine hepatitis caused by

Answer 1

• canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)

Question 2

severe disease of infectious canine hepatitis effect on liver

Answer 2

• hepatocellular necrosis and hemorrhages

- severe vascular injury -> DIC and death

Question 3

virus (adenovirus) causing infectious canine hepatitis has predilection for (3)

Answer 3

• hepatocytes
• endothelium
• mesothelium

Question 4

dogs recovering from infectious canine hepatitis (adenovirus) may develop

Answer 4

• immune-complex uveitis - blue eye

Question 5

most common recognized cause of canine chronic hepatitis

Answer 5

• copper accumulation

Question 6

which breed has mutation in COMMD1 gene (involved in copper excretion)

Answer 6

• bedlington terriers

Question 7

pathogenesis of copper accumulation

Answer 7

• copper accumulates in centrilobular regions and within Kupffer cells -> ongoing oxidative injury with subsequent hepatocellular necrosis, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, nodular remodeling and eventual end-stage liver (cirrhosis)

Question 8

what stain is used to identify and quantify copper-associated hepatopathy

Answer 8

• rhodamine stain

Question 9

canine vacuolar hepatopathy (VH) can be due to accumulation of (2)

Answer 9

• glycoproteins

- lipids

Question 10

glycogen type vacuolar hepatopathy associated with; nucleus location; and disease associated with

Answer 10

• stress, corticosteroids or underlying disease
• nucleus will remain in center of cell
• Cushing’s

Question 11

lipid type vacuolar hepatopathy associated with and nucleus location

Answer 11

• fatty degeneration
• hypoxia, certain toxins or with metabolic/endocrine disease (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus)
• nucleus will be pushed periphery

Question 12

pathogenesis of glycogen-type vacuolar hepatopathy

Answer 12

• glucocorticoids induce glycogen synthase activity (hepatocytes are making more glycogen) -> accumulation causes swelling of hepatocytes

Question 13

cholelithiasis are

Answer 13

• gallstones

- components of bile become supersaturated and precipitate

Question 14

gallstones become clinically significant when

Answer 14

• stones obstruct bile duct resulting in extrahepatic cholestasis and posthepatic hyperbilirubinemia

Question 15

acute cholecystitis

Answer 15

• inflammation of gallbladder

Question 16

chronic cholecystitis may be caused by (3)

Answer 16

• chronic ascending bacterial infection of biliary tree
• chronic irritation from cholelithes or parasites (flukes)
• rupture of gallbladder

Question 17

acute cholecystitis may be caused by

Answer 17

• systemic viral infections

Question 18

gallbladder mucocele in dogs characterized by

Answer 18

• distended gallbladder filled with mucus

Question 19

clinical signs of gallbladder mucocele

Answer 19

• signs of biliary obstruction
• abdominal pain
• gallbladder rupture

Question 20

signs of biliary obstruction

Answer 20

• increase in bile acids, bilirubin, ALP and GGT

Question 21

does with ____ have higher incidences of gallbladder mucocele

Answer 21

• hyperadrenocorticism (cushing’s)

Question 22

what breed is over-represented with gallbladder mucocele

Answer 22

• shetland sheepdogs

Question 23

acute necrotizing pancreatitis is most common in

Answer 23

• obese, sedentary bitches

- cocker spaniels (over-represented)

Question 24

3 general mechanisms proposed for acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Answer 24

• obstruction of pancreatic ducts
• direct injury to acinar cells
• autodigestion

Question 25

clinically presenting patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (4)

Answer 25

- vomiting - diarrhea - anorexia - painful abdomen

Question 26

what enzyme level is elevated in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Answer 26

- pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI)

Question 27

increase incidences of chronic pancreatitis in

Answer 27

- cocker spaniels - cavlier king - collies - boxers

Question 28

4 general mechanisms considered for pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 28

- chronic obstruction of ducts - chronic bacterial infection from intestines - repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis - immune-mediated pancreatitis

Question 29

over time chronic pancreatitis leads to

Answer 29

- progressive fibrosis and loss of functional glandular parenchyma -> exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Question 30

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) caused by

Answer 30

- pancreatic atrophy with insufficient synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes by exocrine pancreas leading to poor digestion

Question 31

eating all the time but not digesting food and not gaining weight is common sign of

Answer 31

- exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

Question 32

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) characterized by

Answer 32

- polyphagia - weight loss - diarrhea - vomiting

Question 33

feces of animals suffering with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

Answer 33

- pale, loose, voluminous, malodorous

Question 34

what enzyme is decreased with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

Answer 34

- trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI)

Question 35

what percentage dose pancreas have reserve

Answer 35

- 90%

Question 36

3 pathogenesis observed for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

Answer 36

- chronic pancreatitis with progressive pancreatic atrophy - obstruction of pancreatic ducts - juvenile pancreatic atrophy

Question 37

juvenile pancreatic atrophy most common in and inherited as

Answer 37

- young (6-12 month) german shepherd and rough-coated collies - inherited as autosomal recessive trait

Question 38

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) most successfully treated by

Answer 38

- supplementation with pancreatic enzymes

Question 39

T/F: metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma is common

Answer 39

- true - often diagnosed later with poor prognosis

Question 40

pancreatic nodular hyperplasia in dogs and cats significance

Answer 40

- incidental finding | - often no clinical significance

Question 41

pancreatic adenoma only described in what species

Answer 41

- cats