P6 - Inflammation

Question 1

goal of inflammation

Answer 1

• eliminate inciting cause but also to rid the area of debris and initiate healing

Question 2

causes of inflammation (4)

Answer 2

• pathogenic organisms
• poisons and toxins
• mechanical and thermal injuries
• immune reactions and hypersensitivities

Question 3

clinical signs of inflammation (5)

Answer 3

• rubor
• calor
• tumor
• dolar
• functio laesa

Question 4

rubor

Answer 4

• redness

- dilation of blood vessels

Question 5

calor

Answer 5

• heat

- dilation of blood vessels

Question 6

tumor

Answer 6

• swelling

- accumulation of fluid from leaky blood vessels

Question 7

dolar

Answer 7

• pain

- initiated by swelling, bradykinin, prostaglandin

Question 8

functio laesa

Answer 8

• loss of function

- due to pain and swelling

Question 9

five main steps in vascular response during inflammation

Answer 9

• vasodilation
• increased vascular permeability
• change in blood flow
• leukocyte migration, rolling and adhesion
• leukocyte emigration

Question 10

vasodilation in inflammation initiated by

Answer 10

• histamine and bradykinin

Question 11

hyperemia

Answer 11

• excess blood in the vessels

Question 12

cardinal signs observed with vasodilation

Answer 12

• rubor
• calor
• tumor

Question 13

cardinal signs observed with increased vascular permeability

Answer 13

• tumor

- physiologic response

Question 14

mechanism for increased permeability varies depending on type of injury (4 ways)

Answer 14

• increased hydrolic pressure
• physiologic response due to chemical mediators
• direct damage to blood vessels
• damage from responding white blood cells

Question 15

mild injury vascular permeability location and mediators

Answer 15

• post capillary venules

- mediated by histamine and serotonin

Question 16

moderate injury vascular permeability location and mediators

Answer 16

• post capillary venules and capillaries

- mediated by kinin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Question 17

severe injury vascular permeability location and mediators

Answer 17

• post capillary venules, capillaries and arterioles

- medated by kinin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin

Question 18

blood flow slows at site of injury to ensure

Answer 18

• more nutrients, oxygen to accumulate in vessels in general area of injury

Question 19

margination of blood

Answer 19

• blood stagnation results more WBCs flowing in plasmacytic (peripheral) zone

Question 20

rolling adhesion

Answer 20

• cell adhesion molecules on endothelium make contact with WBCs

Question 21

selectins

Answer 21

• bind to sugars

Question 22

integrins

Answer 22

• bind to colagen, fibronectin, laminin

Question 23

cadherine

Answer 23

• bind to actin filaments

Question 24

immunoglobins

Answer 24

• expressed on plasma cells and through opsonization

Question 25

transmigration

Answer 25

• adhered WBCs use pseudopodia and cell-cell adhesion to traverse the basement membrane into extra-vascular space

Question 26

emigration

Answer 26

• WBCs follow chemical gradient from site of extravasation to area of injury