P34 - Alimentary Part 3 Flashcards
2 types of bloat (ruminal tympany)
- primary tympany
- secondary tympany
primary tympany due to
- legume bloat
- dietary bloat
- frothy bloat
primary tympany typically occurs within ___ days of beginning new diet
- 3
secondary tympany bloat also called
- free gas bloat
physical and functional obstruction can cause what type of tympany
- secondary tympany
damage in the vagal nerve can result in
- hypomotility
- pyloric stenosis
- tympany
clinical signs of bloat
- abdominal distension
- reluctance to move and cessation of feeding
- signs of distress (anxiety and mobilization)
- respiratory distress
- staggering and recumbency (death occurs rapidly)
mechanism of death for bloat
- suffocation
- cardio and respiratory failure
gross lesions of bloat
- compression of lungs and liver
- diffusely pale liver
- bloat line
bloat line
- congestion and hemorrhage of esophagus cranial to thoracic inlet
- abrupt line of pallor caudal to thoracic inlet
trichobezoars
- hair balls
phytobezoars
- plant balls
traumatic reticulopericarditis also known as
- hardware disease
ruminal lactic acidosis caused by
- grain overload
- rumen overload
- carbohydrate engorgement
pathogenesis of ruminal lactic acidosis
- sudden change to carbohydrate-rich feed promotes growth of gram-positive bacteria
- fermentation of carbohydrate by gram (+) leads to lactic acid production (kills off normal bacteria)
lactic acidosis and severe dehydration can lead to
- circulatory collapse and death
what 2 things can occur secondary to lactic acidosis or traumatic injury to rumen mucosa
- bacterial rumenitis
- mycotic rumenitis
abomasal displacement etiology is multifactorial (3)
- post parturient hypocalcemia and high volatile fatty acid concentration from heavy grain feeding
- gas production by microflora and gas accumulation
- abdominal organs in over the xiphoid process at abdominal ventral midline
left or right abomasal displacement is most common
- left (85%)
left abomasal displacement (LDA) typically seen in
- high-producing diary cattle during 6 weeks after parturition
left or right abomasal displacement is more severe
- right
why does abomasal displacement lead to metabolic alkalosis
- net gain in bicarb
abomasal dilation of calves normally due to
- husbandry issues
where does gastric rupture typically occurs in horses
- along greater curvature
dysautonomia in horses (grass sickness) can lead to
- gastric distension
pyloric stenosis most commonly in
- brachycephalic dogs, siamese cats, horses, humans
perforating ulcer
- penetration through remaining tissue layers and into peritoneal cavity
common areas for ulcers (2)
- right dorsal colon
- stomach
tumors that produce gastrin and histamine may increase ___ production leading to ___
- HCl
- ulcers
gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV) occurs most commonly in
- large breeds
- deep-chested dogs
how does GDV lead to death due to cardiovascular shock
- pancreatic ischemia leads to release of myocardial depressant factor from pancreas which causes reduction of myocardial contractility
uremic gastritis typically results in
- mineralization and ulceration of gastric mucosa
uremic gastritis tissue damage by 2 mechanisms
- uremic vasculopahty
- uremic toxicity
affected breeds of uremic gastritis
- basenji
- beagle
- boxer
- bull terrier
uremic gastritis characterized by
- diffuse thickening of gastric mucosa
giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy should not be confused with
- chronic hypertrophic gastropathy of basenji dogs
giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy lesion
- formation of hypertrophic mass at pylorus -> leads to pyloric obstruction
gastric and abomasal neoplasia common in horses that arises from non-glandular portion of stomach
- squamous cell carcinoma
lymphoma in cattle predilection sites (3)
- abomasum
- uterus
- right atrium
