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Pathology I > P24 - Urinary Part 4 > Flashcards

P24 - Urinary Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

inherited abnormalities in renal tubular function (2)

A
  • primary renal glucosuria

- Basenji dog Fanconi syndrome

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2
Q

what primary renal glucosuria and which breed is it common in

A
  • reduced capacity of tubules to reabsorb glucose

- inherited disorder in Norwegian elkhounds

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3
Q

what causes Basenji dog Fanconi syndrome and what does it result in

A
  • abnormal brush border membrane structure of proximal tubular epithelium -> reduced tubular absorptive function
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4
Q

acute tubular necrosis can be caused by nephrotoxicity (7 subcategories) and ischemia - list the 7

A
  • nephrotoxic pigments
  • heavy metals
  • pharmaceutical agents
  • fungal toxins
  • plant toxins
  • chemicals
  • vitamins and minerals
  • bacterial toxins
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5
Q

nephrotoxic pigments caused by (2)

A
  • hemoglobinuric nephrosis

- myoglobinuric nephrosis

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6
Q

hemoglobinuric nephrosis caused by

A
  • increased serum concentration of hemoglobin -> hemoglobinuria when renal threshold for resorption is exceeded
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7
Q

Hemoglobinuria occurs with hemolysis; name 4 causes and which species are effected by each

A
  • copper toxicity - sheep
  • leptospirosis or babesiosis - cow
  • babesiosis or autoimmune hemolyic anemia - dog
  • red maple toxicity - horses
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8
Q

myoglobinuric nephrosis caused by

A
  • extensive acute muscle necrosis -> high serum concentration of myoglobin
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9
Q

pharmaceutical agents that can cause acute tubular necrosis (4)

A
  • antimicrobials
  • NSAIDs
  • immunosuppressive drugs
  • antineoplastic chemotherapeutics
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10
Q

NSAIDs pathogenesis in causing acute tubular necrosis

A
  • decrease synthesis of renal prostaglandins -> renal vasoconstriction -> ischemic injury -> tubular degeneration and necrosis
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11
Q

aflatoxin is common fungal toxin located in

A
  • common in feed contaminants (grain and dog food)
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12
Q

plant toxins that cause acute tubular necrosis (5)

A
  • pigweed - pigs and cattle
  • oxalate-rich plants
  • grapes and raisins - dogs
  • lilies - cats
  • oak - ruminants & horses
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13
Q

oxalate rich plants can cause ____ _____ when calcium oxalates precipitate in renal tubules and form ____ crystals

A
  • oxalate nephrosis

- oxalate crystals

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14
Q

ethylene glycol (antifreeze) can cause ____ nephrosis

A
  • oxalate
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15
Q

pet food contaminants that artificially elevate protein content

A
  • melamine and cyanuric acid
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16
Q

excessive dosage of what vitamin can cause acute tubular necrosis

A
  • vitamin D
17
Q

pathogenesis of excessive vitamin D intake

A
  • leads to hypercalcemia -> metastatic mineralization of tubular and glomerular basement membranes followed by degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis and loss of function
18
Q

pulpy kidney is a typical disease of small ruminants caused by

A
  • bacterial toxins
19
Q

bacterial toxins cause enteric proliferation of what with production of epsilon exotoxin

A
  • Clostridium perfringens type D
20
Q

diseases of renal pelvis (3)

A
  • hydronephrosis
  • pyelonephritis
  • papillary necrosis
21
Q

hydronephrosis is dilation of ___ due to ____ of urine outflow

A
  • renal pelvis

- obstruction

22
Q

pyelonephritis is caused by

A
  • ascending bacterial infection leads to infection of renal pelvis with extension to renal tubules
23
Q

exudate associated with pyelonephritis

A
  • purulent exudate
24
Q

papillary necrosis is ischemic injury caused by

A
  • NSAIDs
25
Q

diseases of interstitium (3)

A
  • granulomatous nephritis
  • xanthogranulomas
  • renal interstitial amyloidosis
26
Q

xanthogranulomas is common in cats with

A
  • inherited hyperlipoproteinemia
27
Q

renal interstitial amyloidosis common in what breed

A
  • Abyssinian cats
28
Q

neoplastic disease of kidney (5)

A
  • epithelial tumors
  • mesenchymal tumors
  • embryonal tumors
  • metastatic tumors
  • invasive tumors
29
Q

transitional cell carcinoma most common location

A
  • urinary bladder

- high metastatic potential

30
Q

most common primary renal neoplasm of kidney

A
  • renal carcinoma
31
Q

in what breed are renal carcinomas associated with nodular dermatofibrosis

A
  • german shepherd
32
Q

metastatic tumors distribution

A
  • embolic pattern - random multifocal
33
Q

lower urinary tract developmental anomalies (5)

A
  • aplasia
  • hypoplasia
  • ectopic ureters
  • patent urachus
  • urinary bladder diverticulum
34
Q

ectopic ureters

A
  • ureters may empty in wrong place
35
Q

most common malformation of urinary bladder

A
  • patent urachus
36
Q

how is patent urachus formed

A
  • fetal urachus fails to close and involute completely -> forms a channel between bladder’s apex and umbilicus
37
Q

hydroureter and hydrourethra

A
  • dilation of ureter and urethra caused by outflow obstruction

Pathology I (42 decks)

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