P5 - Fluids and Vascular Disorders Part 3 Flashcards
1
Q
how is blood flow controlled by heart and nervous system (3)
A
- baroreceptors
- left atrial volume receptors
- Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
2
Q
role of epinephrine in blood distribution
A
- acts on B2 receptors -> vasodilation -> increase flow
3
Q
role of norepinephrine in blood distribution
A
- acts on A receptors -> vasoconstriction -> reduce flow
4
Q
vasodilation causes
A
- hyperemia
- engorgement of arterioles and capillaries
- increased metabolic activity
5
Q
congestion of vessels
A
- passive engorgement of vascular bed
- decreased outflow
6
Q
right-sided heart failure causes what kind of congestion
A
- hepatic
7
Q
obstruction of venous outflow as a result of (4)
A
- neoplastic mass
- inflammatory mass
- displacement of organ
- fibrosis resulting from healed injury
8
Q
nutmeg liver
A
- alternating tan (normal) and red (congested) areas
- hypoxia in centrilobular areas
9
Q
left-sided heart failure causes what kind of congestion
A
- pulmonary
10
Q
vessel occlusion results in
A
- acute infarction of dependent tissue
11
Q
venous infraction due to
A
- congested intestinal loops that impinge on vessels and veins
12
Q
pathogenesis after prolonged ischemia
A
- ATP degraded to adenosine (potent vasodilator to relieve ischemia) -> blood return causes fluid to move into interstitium -> high tissue pressure -> compression of veins (inhibits local blood return) -> blood vessel hemorrhage -> TF released secondary hemostasis and thrombosis
13
Q
progression of infraction (tan infracts)
A
- become tan and pale over time as cells swell and tissue becomes necrotic and blood is forced out of infracted area
14
Q
types of sock (3)
A
- cardiogenic
- hypovolemia
- blood maldistribution
15
Q
cardiogenic shock
A
- myocardial infraction
- dilated or hypertorphic cardiomyopathy
- outflow obstruction
