Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Muscle lecture notes > Flashcards

Muscle lecture notes Flashcards

1
Q

What does muscle mean?

A

Little mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of muscle

A
  • Movement of bones
  • Movement of fluids
  • Constriction/dilation of tubes
  • Heat generators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscles can only…

A

Contract, shorten in length, and pull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscles can NOT…

A

Push

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 3 body movements

A

1) Prime movers (action)
2) Antagonists (opposite of prime movers)
3) Synergists (work with prime movers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of the 3 body movements when we flex the forearm

A

1) Prime mover- biceps brachii
2) Antagonists- triceps brachii
3) Synergists- brachialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do we “push” if muscles only pull?

A

By levers for example olecranon process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of tissue are tendons?

A

Dense regular connective tissue, they attach muscle to bone or another muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aponeurosis are

A

Tendons that form thin, tough flattened sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Origin is an

A

Attachment that is more proximal or more stationary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Insertion is an

A

Attachment that is more distal or more mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Belly is

A

Body, main region that shortens & thickens when it contracts. Creates the action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different muscle shapes

A

1) Circular muscles
2) Parallel muscles
3) Convergent muscles
4) Pennate muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The fascicles in a parallel muscle

A

Run parallel to its long axis. They run side by side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The fibers in a pennate muscle

A

Are arranged at an oblique angle to the tendon. The fibers come off the sides of the tendon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different types of pennate muscles

A

1) Unipennate: All muscle fibers on the same side of the tendon
2) Bipennate: Muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon
3) Multipennate: Tendon branches within the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name example for Unipennate, bipennate, & multipennate muscles

A

1) Unipennate: Extensor digitorum
2) Bipennate: Rectus femoris
3) Multipennate: Deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Convergent fibers are

A

Over a wide area but come together in a common tendon (pectoralis major)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Circular muscle fibers are

A

The sphincter fibers are concentric around a body opening (orbicularis oris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the types of muscle

A

1) Skeletal
2) Cardiac
3) Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Smooth muscles are

A

Muscles of the organs and blood vessels. Unicleate, tapered ends, non-striated, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cardia muscle is

A

The heart muscle. 1-2 nuclei, branched, intercalated discs, striated, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Skeletal muscle is

A

Muscles attached to the bones, multinucleate, peripheral nuclei, striated, voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Myology=

A

Study of muslces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Muscle comes from

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Some mesoderm differentiate into

A

Somites which in turn differentiate into myotomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How does a muscle come about?

A

Mesoderm>Somite>Myotome>Muscle

28
Q

Myotomes form

A

Skeletal muscles

29
Q

Epimysium surrounds

A

The entire muscle

30
Q

Perimysium surrounds

A

Bundles (fascicles)

31
Q

Endomysium surrounds

A

Muscle fiber. Satellite cells are scattered here & there

32
Q

Satellite cells help repair

A

Tissue damage

33
Q

Sarcomere is a

A

Contractile unit

34
Q

Sarco means

A

Flesh

35
Q

Sarcophage is a

A

Flesh eater

36
Q

Sarcophagidae flies eat

A

Flesh, or at least their maggots do

37
Q

The plasma membrane in a muscle cell is

A

Sarcolemma

38
Q

The transverse (T) tubules are

A

Deep, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma

39
Q

The ER endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle cell is

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

40
Q

The “canal” ends of SR are

A

Terminal cisternae

41
Q

One T tubule plus 2 lateral terminal cisternae=

A

Triad

42
Q

What are important for the conduction of impulse to stimulate muscle contraction?

A
  • Sarcolemma
  • Transverse (T) tubules
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
  • Terminal cisternae
  • Triad
43
Q

T-tubules carry

A

Nerve impulses from the surface sarcolemma deep into the sarcoplasm.

44
Q

Terminal cisternae are

A

Smooth ER: Stores Ca++ until released when a nerve impulse arrives

45
Q

Neuron impulse travels to the muscle cell membrane=

A

Neuromuscular junction (motor end plate or synaptic knob)

46
Q

Synaptic vesicles contain

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

47
Q

When a nerve impulse reaches the motor end plate what happens?

A

It releases Ach which crosses the synaptic cleft & binds to Ach receptors on the sarcolemma

48
Q

The action potential (nerve impulse) continues (now on the muscle cell) across the entire sarcolemma and…

A

Down the triads

49
Q

What releases stored Ca++ onto the muscle proteins?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

50
Q

Muscle proteins are called?

A

Myofilaments

51
Q

What are the two types of muscle proteins myofilaments?

A

Thick and thin.

1) Myosin- thick filaments. A swivel headed protein chain.
2) Actin tropomyosin troponin (proteins)- thin filaments. Double strands of actin plus strands of tropomyosin that cover the active binding sites on each actin

52
Q

Troponin protein holds what in place?

A

Tropomyosin

53
Q

What are the different banding patterns?

A

A bands
I bands
Z line
H zone

54
Q

A bands are

A

(dark) includes H zone, M

line & zone of (thin & thick filament) overlap

55
Q

I bands are

A

(light); the region between the A band

& Z line containing primarily thin filaments

56
Q

Z line functions as

A

The connecting framework for the thin filaments and defines the borders of the sarcomere (from Z line to Z line)

57
Q

The H zone

A

or H band, is also lighter since it has thick filaments only & the M line running down the center

58
Q

Banding: “dark” has an “A” in the word, Thus “A” band is….

A

Dark

59
Q

Banding: “light” has an “I” in the word, Thus “I” band is

A

Light

60
Q

Banding: “Z” is at the end of the alphabet

Thus “Z” marks the…

A

End of the sacromere

61
Q

Banding: “H” and “M” are in the middle of the alphabet, thus

A

They are in the middle of the sacromere

62
Q

The current model for muscle contraction is called?

A

Sliding filament theory

63
Q

In relaxed muscle tropomyosin blocks the…

A

actin binding sites, preventing myosin cross-bridges

64
Q

When Ca++ is released, it binds to troponin causing it to…

A

Shift the position of tropomyosin, opening actin binding sites for myosin heads to form cross-bridges

65
Q

Cross bridge results in a power stroke due to potential energy stored in the myosin head. ATP energy is required to…

A

Detach the cross-bridge and reload the head

66
Q

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) In the synaptic cleft breaks down…

A

ACh. The action potential ceases

67
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum reabsorbs



A

Ca++ via active transport

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions