Chapter 1.1 History of Human Anatomy Flashcards
For several centuries, the main centers of the scientific world were in what places?
Ancient Greece and Egypt
Who developed a medical practice based on observations and studies of the human body
The greek physician Hippocrates
This is called the “Father of Medicine”
Hippocrates
The ancient Egyptians developed specialized knowledge in some areas of human anatomy, which they applied to what
To efforts to mummify their deceased leaders
In Alexandria, Egypt, one of the great anatomy teachers in 300 bc was
Herophilus,
Herophilus is
A Greek scientist who was the first to publicly dissect and compare human and animal bodies
Many of the early descriptions of anatomic structures were a result of whose efforts?
Herophilus
Why is Herophilus known as the “Father of Anatomy”?
Because he based his conclusions (such as that blood vessels carry blood) on human dissection
The work of Herophilus greatly influenced who
Galen of Pergamum
Dubbed the “Prince of Physicians”
Galen of Pergamum
Why is Galen of Pergamum dubbed the “Prince of Physicians”?
Because he stressed the importance of experimentation in medicine
Wrote many treaties, including On the movement of the chest and of the lung, On anatomical procedure, and On the uses of the parts of the body of man
Galen
After 1200 ad Galen’s treatises began to be translated from what into what
Arabic into Latin
Where was the first European medical school established
In the mid-1200’s in italy at Salerno
Where were human bodies dissected in public?
At the European medical school in Italy at Salerno
What was invented in the mid-1400’s that provided a means for disseminating anatomic information on a larger scale?
Movable type and copperplate engraving were invented
Illustrations became a way of what
Recording anatomic findings and passing on that knowledge
Leonardo Da Vinci began his study of the human body around when?
1500
Considered one of the greatest anatomists and biological investigators of all time
Leonardo Da Vinci
When did Da Vinci become fascinated with the human body?
When he performed dissections to improve his drawing and painting techniques
In the mid-1500’s, Andreas Vesalius, a Belgian physician and anatomist, began what movement
A movement in medicine and anatomy that was characterized by “refined observations.”
Who organized the medical school classroom in a way that brought students close to the operating table?
Andreas Vesalius
Whose dissections of the human body and descriptions of his findings helped correct misconceptions that had existed for 200 years
Andreas Vesalius
Vesalius was called the
Reformer of Anatomy because he promoted the idea of “living anatomy”
Whose was the first anatomically accurate medical textbook and the fine engravings in the book were produced from their personal sketches
Andreas Vesalius, his text De Humani Corporis
Who was William Harvey
He was an Englishman who studied medicine at the Universtiy of Padua in Italy in the early 1600s,
What year did William Harvey publish his book entitled An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals?
1628
