Chapter 1.1 History of Human Anatomy

Question 1

For several centuries, the main centers of the scientific world were in what places?

Answer 1

Ancient Greece and Egypt

Question 2

Who developed a medical practice based on observations and studies of the human body

Answer 2

The greek physician Hippocrates

Question 3

This is called the “Father of Medicine”

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

The ancient Egyptians developed specialized knowledge in some areas of human anatomy, which they applied to what

Answer 4

To efforts to mummify their deceased leaders

Question 5

In Alexandria, Egypt, one of the great anatomy teachers in 300 bc was

Answer 5

Herophilus,

Question 6

Herophilus is

Answer 6

A Greek scientist who was the first to publicly dissect and compare human and animal bodies

Question 7

Many of the early descriptions of anatomic structures were a result of whose efforts?

Answer 7

Herophilus

Question 8

Why is Herophilus known as the “Father of Anatomy”?

Answer 8

Because he based his conclusions (such as that blood vessels carry blood) on human dissection

Question 9

The work of Herophilus greatly influenced who

Answer 9

Galen of Pergamum

Question 10

Dubbed the “Prince of Physicians”

Answer 10

Galen of Pergamum

Question 11

Why is Galen of Pergamum dubbed the “Prince of Physicians”?

Answer 11

Because he stressed the importance of experimentation in medicine

Question 12

Wrote many treaties, including On the movement of the chest and of the lung, On anatomical procedure, and On the uses of the parts of the body of man

Answer 12

Galen

Question 13

After 1200 ad Galen’s treatises began to be translated from what into what

Answer 13

Arabic into Latin

Question 14

Where was the first European medical school established

Answer 14

In the mid-1200’s in italy at Salerno

Question 15

Where were human bodies dissected in public?

Answer 15

At the European medical school in Italy at Salerno

Question 16

What was invented in the mid-1400’s that provided a means for disseminating anatomic information on a larger scale?

Answer 16

Movable type and copperplate engraving were invented

Question 17

Illustrations became a way of what

Answer 17

Recording anatomic findings and passing on that knowledge

Question 18

Leonardo Da Vinci began his study of the human body around when?

Answer 18

1500

Question 19

Considered one of the greatest anatomists and biological investigators of all time

Answer 19

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 20

When did Da Vinci become fascinated with the human body?

Answer 20

When he performed dissections to improve his drawing and painting techniques

Question 21

In the mid-1500’s, Andreas Vesalius, a Belgian physician and anatomist, began what movement

Answer 21

A movement in medicine and anatomy that was characterized by “refined observations.”

Question 22

Who organized the medical school classroom in a way that brought students close to the operating table?

Answer 22

Andreas Vesalius

Question 23

Whose dissections of the human body and descriptions of his findings helped correct misconceptions that had existed for 200 years

Answer 23

Andreas Vesalius

Question 24

Vesalius was called the

Answer 24

Reformer of Anatomy because he promoted the idea of “living anatomy”

Question 25

Whose was the first anatomically accurate medical textbook and the fine engravings in the book were produced from their personal sketches

Answer 25

Andreas Vesalius, his text De Humani Corporis

Question 26

Who was William Harvey

Answer 26

He was an Englishman who studied medicine at the Universtiy of Padua in Italy in the early 1600s,

Question 27

What year did William Harvey publish his book entitled An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals?

Answer 27

1628