Lab oral #4 Flashcards
Name the 12 skull muscles
1) Frontalis
2) Occipitalis
3) Temporalis
4) Orbicularis oculi
5) Orbicuclaris oris
6) Masseter
7) Buccinator
8) Depressor anguli oris
9) Depressor labii inferioris
10) Levator labii superioris
11) Risorius
12) Zygomaticus
Name the two neck muscles
1) Sternocleidomastoid
2) Sternohyoid
Name the 4 thorax muscles
1) Pectoralis major
2) Pectoralis minor
3) Serratus anterior
4) Intercostals
Name the 3 abdomen muscles
1) External oblique
2) Internal oblique
3) Rectus abdominis
Name the 3 back hip muscles
1) Latissimus dorsi
2) Gluteus maximus
3) Gluteus medius
Name the 9 thigh muslces
1) Tensor fasciae latae
2) Sartorius
3) Biceps femoris
4) Semitendinosus
5) Semimembranosus
6) Vastus lateralis
7) Vastus intermedius
8) Vastus medialis
9) Rectus femoris
Name the 8 muscles of the shoulder
1) Trapezius
2) Deltoideus
3) Teres major & minor
4) Rhomboideus minor
5) Rhomboideus major
6) Supraspinatus
7) Infraspinatus
8) Subscapularis
Name the muscles of the upper limb
1) Triceps brachii (lateral, long & medial)
Name the muscles of the upper arm
1) Biceps brachii (long & short)
2) Brachialis
3) Brachioradialis
4) Anconeus
Name the 7 muscles of the lower arm
1) Extensor carpi ulnaris
2) Extensor carpi radialis
3) Extensor digitorum
4) Flexor carpi ularis
5) Flexor carpi radialis
6) Palmaris longus
7) Pronator teres
Name the 2 muscles of the thumb
1) Abductor pollicis longus
2) Extensor pollicis brevis
Name the 7 muscles of the leg
1) Tibialis anterior
2) Gastrocnemius
3) Soleus
4) Tendo calcaneus (=Achille’s tendon)
5) Fibularis (Peroneus)
6) Extensor digitorum longus
7) Plantaris
Name the 4 muscles of the thigh
1) Adductor magnus
2) Adductor longus
3) Pectineus
4) Gracilis
Name the different movements of the body
1) Abduction, adduction
2) Flexion, extension
3) Elevation, depression
4) Supination, pronation
5) Inversion, eversion
6) Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
7) Rotation
8) Circumduction
Name the origin, insertion, and action for sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of skull
Action: Flexes neck & turns face
Name the origin, insertion, & action for Pectoralis major
Origin: Ribs, sternum, clavicle
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Flexes & rotates the humerus
Name the origin, insertion, & action for triceps brachii
Origin: Scapula & humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process (ulna)
Action: Extends forearm
Name the origin, insertion, & action for Biceps brachii
Origin: Scapula & humerus
Insertion: Radius
Action: Flexes forearm
Name the origin, insertion, & action for trapezius
Origin: Occipital, thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle, scapula
Action: Elevates the scapula & extends head
Name the origin, insertion, & action for deltoid
Origin: Clavicle & scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Abducts humerus
Name the origin, insertion, & action for biceps femoris
Origin: Ischium & femur
Insertion: Fibula & tibia
Action: Flexes the lower leg
Name the origin, insertion, & action for gastrocnemius
Origin: Condyles of femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes the foot (“points” the toe”)
The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called a
Sarcolemma
Name the 3 types of muscle
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
For skeletal muscle the muscle is arranged
In bundles of bundles
The arrangement of muscle is
Bundles within bundles so that at a microscopic level when the proteins move the action is amplified through the bundles so that the whole muscle contracts but it all starts at the microscopic level
Muscle is only capable of?
Contracting, it can only shorten its length, it can not push
Muscles can
- Contract
- Shorten it’s length
- Relax
- Lengthen by relaxation
Each bundle is surrounded by connective tissue cover called?
Mysium
Myo=
Muscle in latin
Depending on where the mysium is it has a different prefix:
Epi, peri, or endo
Epi=
Over or upon
The epimysium is
Around the whole muscle
There is a fascia layer that is over the
Epimysium & the fascia layer is continuous with the tendon that attaches muscle to bone
Muscle is arranged in
Bundles called fasicle
The fascicle is surrounded by
The perimysium
Peri=
Around
The perimysium is
Around the fasicle
The fasicle is composed of
bundles of muscle fibers
Muscle fibers are the same as
A muscle cell
The muscle fiber/muscle cell is surrounded by
Endomysium because endo means inside of
The muscle fiber/muscle cell is composed of still smaller
Bundles of proteins: the actin & myosin
Actin (thin) implies
Action because of these proteins ability to move relative to the myosin
Myosin implies
Muscle
Because of the arrangements of the proteins in a muscle cell it creates
A certain pattern or banding that is important to the understanding of how the muscle works
There are thick and thin elements, these overlap creating
Dark bands and light bands, light areas and dark areas, thus we have banding within the muscle cell
Myosin is the
Thick element (protein)
Actin is the
Thin element (protein)
What creates the dark bands at either side of the A band?
The overlap of the thick & the thin elements
What creates the light I band?
The area where there is only thin elements
When muscles contract the banding pattern changes because
The thin elements slide over the thick elements
What is a photomicrograph?
A picture taken with a microscope
Muscles can contract not
Expand
When muscles contract is causes
Movement of other body parts
Skeletal muscles generally don’t function in
Isolation; rather they work together to produce movements
Muscles are grouped according to their
Primary actions into 3 types: Agonists, antagonists, & synergists
Agonist is also
Called prime mover. It is a muscle that contracts to produce a particular movement
Example of agonist
The triceps brachii of the posterior arm, it causes forearm extension
Antagonist is
A muscle whose actions oppose those of the agonist
Example of antagonist
When the triceps brachia acts an an agonist to extend the forearm, the biceps brachia on the anterior side of the humerus acts as an antagonist to stabilize the movement & produce the opposing action, which is flexion of the forearm
Synergist are
Muscles that assist the agonist in performing its action
Examples of synergist
The biceps brachii & the brachialis muscles of the arm
Synergists may also assist an agonist by
Preventing movement at a joint & thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist, these are called fixators
Why do we have to have antagonists?
We couldn’t have delicate movement otherwise
Biceps brachii and biceps femoris are both
Flexors
Biceps brachii is on the
Humerus and moves the lower arm (forearm)
Muscles that move a certain part is usually not located on
That part, it is usually closer to the body center
Group of muscles called the quadriceps all have the same
Action and is composed of 4 muscles
The quadriceps are
1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus lateralis
3) Vastus intermedius
4) Vastus medialis
Which one of the quadriceps can you not see?
Vastus intermedius because it is under vast us medialis
What do the quadriceps do?
They move the lower leg, the leg will undergo extension & be a kicking action
The hamstrings are the antagonists of the?
Quadriceps
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstrings?
1) Semimembranosus
2) Semitendinosus
3) Biceps femor long head & short head
Many muscles are named for?
The bones they lie on
