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Human Anatomy > Lab objectives for Oral 1 > Flashcards

Lab objectives for Oral 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical position and why is it used?

A

It is where the individual stands upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor. The head is level, and the eyes look forward the observer. The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body. By visualizing the body in anatomic position, all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

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2
Q

Anterior (Ventral) means

A

Toward front

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3
Q

Medial means

A

Toward midline

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4
Q

Superior means

A

Toward head

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5
Q

Inferior means

A

Away from the head

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6
Q

Lateral means

A

Toward the side

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7
Q

Posterior (dorsal) means

A

Toward rear

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8
Q

Proximal means

A

Closer to center than reference point

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9
Q

Distal means

A

Farther away than reference point

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10
Q

Superficial (external) means

A

Toward surface

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11
Q

Deep (internal) means

A

Away from surface

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12
Q

Section implies

A

An actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy

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13
Q

Plane implies

A

An imaginary flat surface passing through the body

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14
Q

What are the 3 major anatomic planes through the body?

A

1) Coronal plane
2) Transverse plane
3) Midsagittal plane

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15
Q

The coronal plane

A

Also called frontal plane, a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

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16
Q

The transverse plane

A

Also called cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane, cuts perpendicularly along the axis of the body or organ. The body or organ is separated into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts, and the relationship of neighboring organs at a particular level is revealed

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17
Q

The midsagittal plane

A

Or median plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves

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18
Q

Divides into left and right

A

Sagittal or midsagittal (medial)

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19
Q

Divides front and back

A

Coronal (frontal)

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20
Q

Divides into top and bottom

A

Transverse (horizontal)

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21
Q

The proximal/distal or only used on what

A

Appendages (arms,legs)

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22
Q

You can’t say something is distal without giving

A

A point of reference

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23
Q

What muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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24
Q

The space between lungs is

A

Mediastinum

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25
Q

A subdivision of the thoracic cavity is

A

Mediastinum

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26
Q

Most organs have how many membranes around them?

A

2

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27
Q

Organ systems are

A

Groups of organs working together in a common/general function

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28
Q

What are the 4 tissues?

A

1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue

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29
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers surfaces; lines insides of organs and body cavities

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30
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects, binds together, and supports organs

31
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Facilitates movement of skeleton or organ walls

32
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Neurons:control activities, process information

Glial cells:Support and protect neurons

33
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants are

A

The four areas of the abdominopelvic cavity formed by passing one vertical and one horizontal plane through the umbilicus (navel)

34
Q

Abdominopelvic regions are

A

The nine areas in the abdominopelvic cavity formed by two transverse planes and two sagittal planes

35
Q

Auscultation is

A

A diagnostic method that involves listening to the sounds produced by various body structures

36
Q

Homeostasis is

A

State of equilibrium, or constant internal environment in the body

37
Q

Palpation is

A

Using the hands to detect organs, masses, or infiltration of a body part during a physical examination

38
Q

Percussion is

A

When you tap on the body and look for residence of an organ, you can tell about internal injuries

39
Q

Reflex response is

A

When you tap on certain parts of the body looking for certain responses. Used to test for nerve or muscle damage

40
Q

The taxonomy of humans

A

1) Kingdom-Animalia
2) Phylum-Chordata
3) Class-Mammalia
4) Order- Primates
5) Family-Hominidae
6) Genus-Homo
7) Species-sapiens

41
Q

The characteristics of mammals are

A

Hair at some point in the life cycle and mammary glands

42
Q

Levels of organization from smallest to largest

A

1) Cellular
2) Tissue
3) Organ
4) Organ system
5) Organism

43
Q

What are the types of body cavities

A

1) Posterior (dorsal) cavity-lined with meninges
* Cranial cavity-encloses the brain
* Vertebral cavity-encloses the spinal cord
2) Anterior (ventral) cavity
* Thoracic cavity-above the diaphragm
* Pleural cavity (lungs)-lined with parietal pleura and visceral pleura
* Pericardial cavity (surrounds the heart)-parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
* Mediastinum-space the heart occupies
3) Abdominopelvic cavity-below the diaphragm-lined with peritoneum-parietal and visceral
* Abdominal cavity (digest organs)
* Pelvic cavity (urinary and reproductive organs)

44
Q

Chordates have

A

1) Hollow, dorsal nerve cord
2) Notochord
3) Pharyngeal pouches
4) Post-anal tail

45
Q

Cervical

A

Neck region

46
Q

Thorax

A

Between neck and abs

47
Q

Mammory

A

Breast region

48
Q

Sternal

A

Sternum region

49
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal column region

50
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

51
Q

Pubic

A

Pubic region

52
Q

Lumbar

A

lower back

53
Q

Sacral

A

Above butt crack

54
Q

Gluteal

A

Butt region

55
Q

Brachium

A

Upper arms

56
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow region

57
Q

Antebrachium

A

Lower arm region

58
Q

Manus

A

Hand

59
Q

Thigh

A

Thigh

60
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

61
Q

popliteal fossa

A

Back of knee

62
Q

Leg

A

Lower leg

63
Q

Axillary

A

Arm pit region

64
Q

Both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with what

A

Serous membranes, which are composed of two layers

65
Q

What lines the internal surface of the body wall

A

A parietal layer

66
Q

What covers the external surface of organs within the cavity

A

A visceral layer

67
Q

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is a thin

A

Serous cavity that is actually a potential space

68
Q

The pericardium membrane is

A

Two layered serous membrane that encloses the heart

69
Q

The pleura membrane is

A

Two layered serous membrane that lines the lungs

70
Q

The peritoneum membrane is

A

A moist two-layered serous membrane, lines the abdominopelvic cavity

71
Q

The mesentary membrane is

A

Double layer of peritoneum, that invests the intestines, attaching them to the posterior wall of the abdomen

72
Q

The greater omentum is

A

Large fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

73
Q

The lesser omentum is

A

A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum

74
Q

Function of mesentary is

A

To hold intestines in place

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

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