Lecture Notes Circulatory Flashcards
Which gland produces calcitonin?
Thyroid
Which is responsible for circadian rhythm?
Pineal gland (melatonin)..
The total area that a single group of
receptors senses is called what?
Receptive field
Receptor of joints and muscles (position)?
Proprioceptors
Referred pain
Sensed in another area
Not noticing a stimulus after a given time is called what?
Adaptation
Gustatory begins with
The gustatory cells; on the tongue Anterior of the tongue = facial nerve (VII), Posterior = the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)..
6th taste?
Calcium found in rats
5 basic tastes: Metal ions (Na+, K+)
Salty
5 Basic tastes: Organic compounds
Sweet
5 Basic tastes: H+ ions
Sour
5 Basic tastes: Alkaloids (OH-)
Bitter
5 Basic tastes: Amino acids
Unami (“savory”)
Interpretation of olfaction is in?
The temporal lobe
How many different odors are detected?
50-60
Olfactory hairs increase
Surface area
Olfactory nerve fibers take signals through
The foramen of the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb
Vascular tunic, aka?
Choroid; middle layer. Dense capillary network bringing blood supply to the retina
Interpretation of sight is
In the occipital lobes of cerebrum
Ciliary muscle relaxes it
Puts tension on suspensory ligaments. Lens flattens
Ciliary muscle contracts
Suspensory ligaments relax. Lens thickens
Focus in front of retina
Myopia-near sighted
Focus behind the retina
Hyperopia-far sighted
What condition causes: Cloudy lens, Opacity can occur on the cornea, Need for transplant
Cataracts
static balance
Vestibule
Dynamic balance
Semi-circular canals- dynamic balance..
The inner ear has
Cochlea, vestibule and semi-circular canals
Ampulla is
The swollen area at base of a semicircular canal. Contains hair cells & cupula
Vestibule is
Utricle & saccule; each with a macula which senses static position, head tilt, or shifts in gravity
Increased by ossicles
Amplitude
Area of sharpest vision? What receptors?
Fovea centralis, cones
What anatomy happens at the blind spot?
Nerve fibers and blood vessels exit eye
What does ciliary muscle do to make the lens fatter, wider?
Contracts (which moves ciliary body closer to the lens)
What controls pupil size?
Muscles of the iris
Why do we have to have a double pump?
Blood picks up O2 at lungs
• Happens in lung capillaries
• After capillaries pressure decreases
• “Second pump” increases pressure to send oxygenated blood to the body
• Blood has to be re-pressurized after going to the lung
Capillary beds supply the cardiac tissue with
Oxygen & nutrition
Cardiac muscle contracts
Systole
in-between contractions, cardiac muscle is relaxed
Diastole
Cardiac cycle
1) First, the two atria contract (atrial systole)
2) Then atrial diastole & ventricular systole begins (“lub”). Sound of A-V valves closing
3) When ventricular systole ends the semilunar valves shut (“dub”)
4) There is about 1⁄2 second when all four chambers are in diastole, heart fills with blood. Cycle repeats (70-80/minute)..
Precapillary sphincter allows for
control of blood flow (thermoregulation)
Capillaries are
Smallest & most delicate
Endothelium & basement membrane (basal lamina) only
What vessel by-passes the fetal liver?
Ductus venosus
Name two ways to by-pass the fetal lungs
Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus
What does blood transport?
Nutrients and O2 as well as metabolic wastes to be excreted
How does blood play a role in homeostasis?
Temperature, blood pressure, salts.
Specialized immune cells protect from infection & disease
Stem cell that produces blood cells
Hemocytoblast
Each heme binds to how many O2 molecules?
One
Universal donor
Type O
Universal receiver
Type AB
What is the Rh system named for?
Rhesus monkey
Which pumps blood to the body (not lungs)?
Left ventricle
