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Human Anatomy > Lecture Notes Circulatory > Flashcards

Lecture Notes Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

Which gland produces calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

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2
Q

Which is responsible for circadian rhythm?

A

Pineal gland (melatonin)..

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3
Q

The total area that a single group of

receptors senses is called what?

A

Receptive field

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4
Q

Receptor of joints and muscles (position)?

A

Proprioceptors

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5
Q

Referred pain

A

Sensed in another area

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6
Q

Not noticing a stimulus after a given time is called what?

A

Adaptation

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7
Q

Gustatory begins with

A

The gustatory cells; on the tongue Anterior of the tongue = facial nerve (VII), Posterior = the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)..

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8
Q

6th taste?

A

Calcium found in rats

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9
Q

5 basic tastes: Metal ions (Na+, K+)

A

Salty

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10
Q

5 Basic tastes: Organic compounds

A

Sweet

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11
Q

5 Basic tastes: H+ ions

A

Sour

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12
Q

5 Basic tastes: Alkaloids (OH-)

A

Bitter

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13
Q

5 Basic tastes: Amino acids

A

Unami (“savory”)

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14
Q

Interpretation of olfaction is in?

A

The temporal lobe

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15
Q

How many different odors are detected?

A

50-60

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16
Q

Olfactory hairs increase

A

Surface area

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17
Q

Olfactory nerve fibers take signals through

A

The foramen of the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb

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18
Q

Vascular tunic, aka?

A

Choroid; middle layer. Dense capillary network bringing blood supply to the retina

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19
Q

Interpretation of sight is

A

In the occipital lobes of cerebrum

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20
Q

Ciliary muscle relaxes it

A

Puts tension on suspensory ligaments. Lens flattens

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21
Q

Ciliary muscle contracts

A

Suspensory ligaments relax. Lens thickens

22
Q

Focus in front of retina

A

Myopia-near sighted

23
Q

Focus behind the retina

A

Hyperopia-far sighted

24
Q

What condition causes: Cloudy lens, Opacity can occur on the cornea, Need for transplant

A

Cataracts

25
Q

static balance

A

Vestibule

26
Q

Dynamic balance

A

Semi-circular canals- dynamic balance..

27
Q

The inner ear has

A

Cochlea, vestibule and semi-circular canals

28
Q

Ampulla is

A

The swollen area at base of a semicircular canal. Contains hair cells & cupula

29
Q

Vestibule is

A

Utricle & saccule; each with a macula which senses static position, head tilt, or shifts in gravity

30
Q

Increased by ossicles

A

Amplitude

31
Q

Area of sharpest vision? What receptors?

A

Fovea centralis, cones

32
Q

What anatomy happens at the blind spot?

A

Nerve fibers and blood vessels exit eye

33
Q

What does ciliary muscle do to make the lens fatter, wider?

A

Contracts (which moves ciliary body closer to the lens)

34
Q

What controls pupil size?

A

Muscles of the iris

35
Q

Why do we have to have a double pump?

A

Blood picks up O2 at lungs
• Happens in lung capillaries
• After capillaries pressure decreases
• “Second pump” increases pressure to send oxygenated blood to the body
• Blood has to be re-pressurized after going to the lung

36
Q

Capillary beds supply the cardiac tissue with

A

Oxygen & nutrition

37
Q

Cardiac muscle contracts

A

Systole

38
Q

in-between contractions, cardiac muscle is relaxed

A

Diastole

39
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

1) First, the two atria contract (atrial systole)
2) Then atrial diastole & ventricular systole begins (“lub”). Sound of A-V valves closing
3) When ventricular systole ends the semilunar valves shut (“dub”)
4) There is about 1⁄2 second when all four chambers are in diastole, heart fills with blood. Cycle repeats (70-80/minute)..

40
Q

Precapillary sphincter allows for

A

control of blood flow (thermoregulation)

41
Q

Capillaries are

A

Smallest & most delicate

Endothelium & basement membrane (basal lamina) only

42
Q

What vessel by-passes the fetal liver?

A

Ductus venosus

43
Q

Name two ways to by-pass the fetal lungs

A

Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus

44
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Nutrients and O2 as well as metabolic wastes to be excreted

45
Q

How does blood play a role in homeostasis?

A

Temperature, blood pressure, salts.

Specialized immune cells protect from infection & disease

46
Q

Stem cell that produces blood cells

A

Hemocytoblast

47
Q

Each heme binds to how many O2 molecules?

A

One

48
Q

Universal donor

A

Type O

49
Q

Universal receiver

A

Type AB

50
Q

What is the Rh system named for?

A

Rhesus monkey

51
Q

Which pumps blood to the body (not lungs)?

A

Left ventricle

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

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