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Human Anatomy > Exam 2 extra questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 extra questions Flashcards

1
Q

These neurons act as the decision-making cells to sum up all signals for certain stimuli

A

Interneurons

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2
Q

A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the

A

central nervous system

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3
Q

True or false: Nerve impulses go from sensory neurons in sense organs directly to the muscles and glands that respond

A

False

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4
Q

This neuron has short dendrites and a long or short axon

A

Interneuron

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5
Q

What are the main neurons of the spinal cord?

A

Schwann cells are the main neurons of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Schwann cells are one of several types of ________ cells in the nervous system

A

neuroglial

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7
Q

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of?

A

The myelin sheath

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8
Q

True or false: A nerve impulse is the way all neurons transmit information

A

True

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9
Q

The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside

A

Negative

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10
Q

The “sodium potassium pumps” pumps what?

A

The “sodium-potassium pump” pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in

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11
Q

As the action potential swings down

A

Potassium ions move out of the axon

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12
Q

In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.

A

neurotransmitter molecules

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13
Q

Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a________ .

A

Diffusion of neurotransmitter across the cleft

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14
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves, which are neurons with cell bodies that occur in the?

A

Brain, spinal cord, or in ganglia

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15
Q

The PNS nerves are part of either the somatic system or the ________ .

A

Autonomic system

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16
Q

The somatic system contains nerves that control _________.

A

Skeletal muscles

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17
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes mixed nerves that _________.

A

Contain both sensory and motor fibers

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18
Q

The sensory neurons that come from internal organs send impulses to the CNS where reflex actions _____________.

A

Help maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

True or false: The sympathetic system inhibits the digestive tract, dilates the bronchi, and accelerates the heartbeat; it is associated with the “fight or flight” body response

A

True

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20
Q

True or false: The parasympathetic system causes the pupil to contract, promotes digestion of food, and retards the heartbeat

A

True

21
Q

Higher thought processes for learning and memory are primarily in the ________.

A

Cerebrum

22
Q

The ________ contains centers for heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure

A

Medulla oblongata

23
Q

The medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for _______________.

A

Vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, and swallowing

24
Q

The main function of the cerebellum is ___________.

A

Muscle coordination

25
Q

What is the biggest part of the brain?

A

The Cerebrum

26
Q

Which part of the brain helps keep your balance so you don’t fall flat on your face?

A

Cerebellum

27
Q

Which part of the brain keeps you breathing?

A

The brain stem

28
Q 
The cerebellum, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_portion of the brain, is located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
 the largest
 the second largest
 the third largest
 the smallest
A

The second largest

29
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into lobes, ________ of which have the same name as the bone over them

A

Five, four

30
Q

Like other systems in the body, the nervous system is composed of organs, principally the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ____

A

Ganglia

31
Q

When a muscle fiber contracts, what slides toward the center of each sarcomere?

A

the thin filaments of actin

32
Q 
Which functional division of the nervous system includes the SNS and ANS?
	A)	sensory
	B)	motor
	C)	central
	D)	peripheral
A

Motor

33
Q

Which effectors are innervated by visceral motor neurons?
A) cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
B) somatic effectors other than skeletal muscle
C) skeletal muscle, skin, and joints
D) interneurons of the CNS

A

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

34
Q 
Which pair names only neuroglia of the central nervous system?
	A)	astrocytes and interneurons
	B)	ependymal cells and astrocytes
	C)	microglia and neurolemmocytes
	D)	oligodendrocytes and satellite cells
A

Ependymal cells and astrocytes

35
Q

Which description refers to oligodendrocytes?
A) small cells with slender branches from the cell body
B) large, star-shaped cells with numerous cell processes
C) large, bulbous cells with slender cytoplasmic extensions
D) flattened cells wrapped around axons to form myelin

A

Large, bulbous cells with slender cytoplasmic extensions

36
Q 
Which types of glial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system?
	A)	oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
	B)	microglia and ependymal cells
	C)	neurolemmocytes and satellite cells
	D)	all of the above
A

neurolemmocytes and satellite cells

37
Q 
The synaptic knob of a neuron may contact another neuron anywhere except on its
	A)	dendrites
	B)	cell body
	C)	myelin sheath
	D)	synaptic knob
A

Myelin sheath

38
Q

Which one of the following is not a step in the conduction of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse?
A) the nerve impulse causes an influx of Ca2+ ions into the synaptic knob
B) calcium ions entering the synaptic cleft cause the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles
C) neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic cell
D) a voltage change in the postsynaptic cell triggers a nerve impulse to begin there

A

calcium ions entering the synaptic cleft cause the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles

39
Q 
What accounts for the gray color of gray matter?
	A)	presence of Nissl bodies
	B)	absence of myelin
	C)	both of the above
	D)	neither of the above
A

Both of the above

40
Q 
In the PNS, an axon may be enveloped by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ without being \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	A)	neurolemmocytes; myelinated
	B)	oligodendrocytes; myelinated
	C)	satellite cells; in a ganglion
	D)	endoneurium; in a nerve
A

Neurolemmocytes; myelinated

41
Q 
Which glial cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves?
	A)	satellite and ependymal cells
	B)	neurolemmocytes
	C)	oligodendrocytes
	D)	astrocytes and microglia
A

Neurolemmocytes

42
Q 
Which nervous system divisions or components contain no afferent neurons?
	A)	somatic and visceral sensory
	B)	CNS and PNS
	C)	PNS and ANS
	D)	ANS and SNS
A

ANS and SNS

43
Q 
Ironically, a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ neuron typically has more dendrites than a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ neuron.
	A)	bipolar; multipolar
	B)	unipolar; multipolar
	C)	unipolar; bipolar
	D)	sensory; multipolar
A

Unipolar; Bipolar

44
Q 
A multipolar neuron that synapses on a gland cell is functionally classified as
	A)	a visceral motor neuron
	B)	a somatic motor neuron
	C)	a sensory neuron
	D)	an interneuron
A

A visceral motor neuron

45
Q 
At a chemical synapse, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are found only in the plasma membrane of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cell.
	A)	neurotransmitters; postsynaptic
	B)	receptor proteins; postsynaptic
	C)	neurotransmitters; presynaptic
	D)	receptor proteins; presynaptic
A

Receptor proteins; postsynaptic

46
Q 
With regard to control of effectors, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is to involuntary as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is to voluntary.
	A)	somatic; visceral
	B)	somatic; peripheral
	C)	autonomic; somatic
	D)	central; peripheral
A

Autonomic; somatic

47
Q

Sensory neurons in which of the following locations receive and transmit only visceral input?
(1) skin (2) joints (3) heart (4) fascia (5) stomach
A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 5
C) 3, 4, and 5

A

3 & 5

48
Q 
Touch, vibration, and proprioception are examples of
	A)	special visceral senses
	B)	general visceral senses
	C)	special somatic senses
	D)	general somatic senses
A

General somatic senses

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

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