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Human Anatomy > Chapter 1.4 Precise Language of Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1.4 Precise Language of Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptions of any region or body part require an

A

Initial point of reference and the use of directional indicators

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2
Q

In the anatomic position

A

An individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor. The head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer. The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body

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3
Q

By visualizing the body in anatomic position, all observers have common

A

Point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

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4
Q

Anatomists refer to real or imaginary “slices” of the body called

A

Sections or planes

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5
Q

The term section implies

A

An actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy

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6
Q

The word plane implies

A

An imaginary flat surface passing through the body

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7
Q

What are the three major anatomic planes through the body or individual organs are?

A

1) Coronal
2) Transverse
3) Midsagittal planes

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8
Q

Describe a coronal plane

A

Also called a frontal plane, it is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

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9
Q

When a coronal plane is taken through the trunk, the anterior and the posterior portion contains what

A

The anterior portion contains the chest and the posterior portion contains the back

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10
Q

Describe a transverse plane

A

Also called a cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane, cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ.

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11
Q

For a transverse plane the body or organ is separated into what

A

Both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts, and the relationship of neighboring organs at a particular level is revealed.

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12
Q

Computed tomography (CT) scans provide what type of anatomic plane

A

They provide transverse sectional images of the body for study

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13
Q

Describe a midsagittal plane

A

Or median plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves

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14
Q

A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or right, is termed what

A

A sagittal plane

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15
Q

A sagittal plane divides a structure into?

A

Right and left portions that may or may not be equal

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16
Q

How many numbers of midsagittal and sagittal planes are there?

A

There is only one midsagittal plane and an infinite number of sagittal planes

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17
Q

A midsagittal or sagittal plane is often used to show what

A

Internal body parts, especially in the head and thoracic organs

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18
Q

In addition to the 3 major planes (coronal, transverse, and midsagittal planes) there is a minor plane called

A

The oblique plane which passes through the specimen at an angle

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19
Q

Interpreting body sections has become important for who

A

Health-care professionals

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20
Q

To determine the shape of any object within a section, we must be able to

A

Reconstruct its three-dimensional shape by observing many continuous sections

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21
Q

Anterior means

A

In front of; toward the front surface

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22
Q

Give an example of anterior for the stomach and spinal cord

A

The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord

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23
Q

Posterior means

A

In back of; toward the back surface

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24
Q

Give an example of posterior for the heart and sternum

A

The heart is posterior to the sternum

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25
Q

Dorsal means

A

At the back side of the human body

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26
Q

Give an example of dorsal for the human body and spinal cord

A

The spinal cord is on the dorsal side of the body

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27
Q

Ventral means

A

At the belly side of the human body

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28
Q

Give an example of ventral for the body and the umbilicus (navel, belly button)

A

The umbilicus is on the ventral side of the body

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29
Q

Superior means

A

Closer to the head

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30
Q

Inferior means

A

Closer to the feet

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31
Q

Caudal means

A

At the rear of the tail end

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32
Q

Give an example of caudal for the abdomen and head

A

The abdomen is caudal to the head

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33
Q

Cranial means

A

At the head end

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34
Q

Rostral means

A

Toward the nose

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35
Q

Medial means

A

Toward the middle of the body

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36
Q

Lateral means

A

Away from the midline of the body

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37
Q

Deep means

A

On the inside, underneath another structure

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38
Q

Superficial means

A

On the outside

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39
Q

Proximal means

A

Closest to point of attachment to trunk

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40
Q

Distal means

A

Furthest from point of attachment to trunk

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41
Q

True or false. The elbow is proximal to the hand

A

True

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42
Q

True or false. The wrist is distal to the elbow

A

True

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43
Q

The human body is partitioned into two main regions called

A

The axial and appendicular regions

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44
Q

The axial region includes

A

The head, neck, and trunk; it forms the main vertical axis of the body

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45
Q

What makes up the appendicular region

A

Our limbs, or appendages, attach to the body’s axis and make up the appendicular region

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46
Q

Describe the abdominal region

A

Region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones

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47
Q

Describe the antebrachial region

A

Forearm (the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

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48
Q

Describe the antecubital region

A

Region anterior to the elbow; also known as the cubital region

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49
Q

Describe the auricular region

A

Ear (visible surface structures of the ear and the ear’s internal organs)

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50
Q

Describe the axillary region

A

Armpit

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51
Q

Describe the brachial region

A

Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow

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52
Q

Describe the Buccal region

A

Cheek

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53
Q

Describe the calcaneal region

A

Heel of the foot

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54
Q

Describe the carpal region

A

Wrist

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55
Q

Describe the cephalic region

A

Head

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56
Q

Describe the cervical region

A

Neck

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57
Q

Describe the coxal region

A

Hip

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58
Q

Describe the cranial region

A

Skull

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59
Q

Describe the crural region

A

Leg (the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle)

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60
Q

Describe the deltoid region

A

Shoulder

61
Q

Describe the digital region

A

Fingers or toes (also called phalangeal)

62
Q

Describe the dorsal region

A

Back

63
Q

Describe the femoral region

A

Thigh

64
Q

Describe the fibular region

A

Lateral aspect of the leg

65
Q

Describe the frontal region

A

Forehead

66
Q

Describe the gluteal region

A

Buttock

67
Q

Describe the Hallux region

A

Great toe

68
Q

Describe the Inguinal region

A

Groin (sometimes used to indicate just the crease in the junction of the thigh with the trunk)

69
Q

Describe the lumbar region

A

Relating to the loins, or the part of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

70
Q

Describe the Mammary region

A

Breast

71
Q

Describe the manus region

A

Hand

72
Q

Describe the mental region

A

Chin

73
Q

Describe the nasal region

A

nose

74
Q

Describe the occipital region

A

Posterior aspect of the head

75
Q

Describe the olecranal region

A

Posterior of the elbow

76
Q

Describe the oral region

A

Mouth

77
Q

Describe the orbital region

A

Eye

78
Q

Describe the palmar region

A

Palm of the hand

79
Q

describe the patellar region

A

Kneecap

80
Q

Describe the pelvic region

A

Pelvis

81
Q

Describe the Perineal region

A

Diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs

82
Q

Describe the per region

A

Foot

83
Q

Describe the plantar region

A

Sole of the foot

84
Q

Describe the pollex region

A

Thumb

85
Q

Describe the popliteal region

A

Area posterior to the knee

86
Q

The pubic region is

A

Anterior region of the pelvis

87
Q

The radial region is

A

Lateral aspect of the forearm

88
Q

The sacral region is

A

Posterior region between the hip bones

89
Q

The scapular region is

A

Shoulder blade

90
Q

The sternal region is

A

Anterior middle region of the thorax

91
Q

The sural region is

A

The calf (posterior part of the leg)

92
Q

The tarsal region is

A

Root of the foot

93
Q

The thoracic region is

A

The chest or thorax

94
Q

The tibial region is

A

Medial aspect of the leg

95
Q

The ulnar region is

A

Medial aspect of the forearm

96
Q

The umbilical region is

A

The navel

97
Q

The vertebral region is

A

Spinal column

98
Q

Internal organs and organ systems are housed within

A

Separate enclosed spaces, or cavities

99
Q

Cavities are named according to

A

The bones that surround them or the organs they contain

100
Q

The axial region is subdivided into two areas

A

The posterior aspect and the ventral cavity

101
Q

How many cavities does the posterior aspect have

A

Two enclosed cavities which are the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal

102
Q

The cranial cavity is formed by

A

The cranium (specifically, the neurocranium) and houses the brain

103
Q

The vertebral canal is formed by

A

The individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

104
Q

The cranial cavity and the vertebral canal of the posterior aspect are two cavities that are encased in

A

Bone and thus are physically and developmentally different from the ventral cavity

105
Q

The ventral cavity arises from a space called

A

The coelom that forms during embryonic development

106
Q

The ventral cavity eventually becomes partitioned into

A

A superior thoracic cavity and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity with the formation of the thoracic diaphragm, a muscular partition that develops between these cavities

107
Q

Both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with

A

Thin serous membranes

108
Q

What are the layers that serous membranes are composed of?

A

Two layers, a parietal layer that lines the internal surface of the body wall and a visceral layer the covers the external surface of organs (viscera) within the cavity

109
Q

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is

A

A thin serous cavity that is actually a potential space

110
Q

A potential space is capable of becoming

A

A larger cavity

111
Q

A serous cavity contains a film of what

A

Serous fluid that is secreted by the cells of the serous membranes

112
Q

Serous fluid has the consistency of

A

Oil, and serves as a lubricant

113
Q

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called

A

The mediastinum

114
Q

The mediastinum contains

A

The heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels

115
Q

Within the mediastinum, the heart is enclosed by

A

Two layered serous membrane called the pericardium

116
Q

Outermost layer and forms the sac around the heart

A

Parietal pericardium

117
Q

Forms the hearts external surface

A

The visceral pericardium

118
Q

The potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardia; it contains serous fluid

A

Pericardial cavity

119
Q

The right and left sides of the thoracic cavity contain the

A

Lungs, which are lined by a two-layered serous membrane called the pleura

120
Q

The outer layer of the serous membrane of the lungs is called

A

The parietal pleura; it lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

121
Q

Inner layer of the serous membrane

A

Visceral pleura; it covers the external surface of the lung

122
Q

Narrow, moist, potential space between the parietal and visceral layers is called the

A

Pleural cavity, and is the location of the lubricating serous fluid

123
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity consists of

A

An abdominal cavity , which is superior to an imaginary line drawn between the superior aspects of the hip bones, and a pelvic cavity that is inferior to this line

124
Q

The abdominal cavity contains most of the organs of

A

The digestive system, as well as the kidneys and ureters of the urinary system

125
Q

The organs of the pelvic cavity consist of the

A

Distal part of the large intestine, the urinary bladder and urethra, and the internal reproductive organs

126
Q

Moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

127
Q

Outer layer of serous membrane, lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

The parietal peritoneum

128
Q

Inner layer of the serous membrane, ensheathes the external surfaces of most of the digestive organs

A

Visceral peritoneum

129
Q

The potential space between serous membrane layers in the abdominopelvic cavity is the

A

Peritoneal cavity, where the lubricating serous fluid is located

130
Q

In the larger abdominopelvic cavity There are nine compartments called abdominopelvic regions which are delineated by using two transverse planes and two sagittal planes, they are

A
  • Epigastric region
  • Umbilical region
  • Hypogastric region
  • Right and left hypochondria regions
  • Right and left lumbar regions
  • Right and left iliac regions
131
Q

The epigastric region is

A

The superior region in the middle column, typically contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands

132
Q

The umbilical region is

A

The middle region in the middle column, typically contains the transverse colon (middle part), part of the small intestine, and the branches of the blood vessels to the lower limbs

133
Q

The hypogastric region is

A

The inferior region in the middle column, typically contains part of the small intestine, the urinary bladder, and the sigmoid colon of the large intestine

134
Q

The right and left hypochondria regions are

A

The superior regions lateral to the epigastric region. The right hypochondriac region typically contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the right kidney; the left hypochondriac region typically contains part of the stomach, the spleen, the left colic flexure of the large intestine, and part of the left kidney

135
Q

The right and left lumbar regions are

A

The middle regions lateral to the umbilical region. The right lumbar region typically contains the ascending colon and the right colic flexure of the large intestine, the superior part of the cecum, the part of the right kidney, and part of the small intestine; the left lumbar region contains the descending colon, part of the left kidney, and part of the small intestine

136
Q

The right and left iliac regions are

A

The inferior regions lateral to the hypogastric region. The right iliac region typically contains the inferior end of the cecum, the appendix, and part of the small intestine; the left iliac region contains the junction of parts of the colon as well as part of the small intestine

137
Q

What are the four quadrants

A

Imaginary transverse and midsagittal planes pass through the umbilicus to divide the abdominopelvic cavity into

  • right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  • left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  • right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  • left lower quadrant (LLQ)
138
Q

Describe the cranial cavity and is serous membrane present?

A

Formed by cranium; houses brain. No serous membrane is present

139
Q

Describe the vertebral canal and is serous membrane present?

A

Formed by vertebral column; contains spinal cord. No serous membrane is present

140
Q

Describe mediastinum and is serous membrane present?

A

Contains the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. No serous membrane

141
Q

Describe the pericardial cavity and is serous membrane present?

A

Contains the heart. The serous membrane present is pericardium

142
Q

Describe the pleural cavity and its serous membrane

A

Contains the lungs. The serous membrane is pleura

143
Q

Describe the abdominal cavity and the serous membrane

A

Bordered superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by a horizontal plane between the superior ridges of the hip bones. Associated with the abdominal viscera, including stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine, kidneys, ureters. The peritoneum serous membrane is present

144
Q

Describe the pelvic cavity and the serous membrane present

A

Region located between the hip bones and interior to a horizontal plane between the superior ridges of the hip bones. Associated with the pelvic viscera, including urinary bladder and urethra, internal reproductive organs, some of large intestine. The peritoneum serous membrane is present

145
Q

The four areas of the abdominopelvic cavity formed by passing one vertical and one horizontal plane through the umbilicus (navel)

A

Abdominopelvic quadrants

146
Q

The nine areas in the abdominopelvic cavity formed by two transverse planes and two sagittal planes

A

Abdominopelvic regions

147
Q

A diagnostic method that involves listening to the sounds produced by various body structures

A

Auscultation

148
Q

State of equilibrium, or constant internal environment, in the body

A

Homeostasis

149
Q

Using the hands to detect organs, masses, or infiltration of a body part during a physical examination

A

Palpation

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

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