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Human Anatomy > Lecture digestive system > Flashcards

Lecture digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Provides most of the ATP

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

What two bones make up the Hard palate?

A

Horizontal plates of the Maxilla and palantine bones

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3
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior roof; no bone; closes off

nasopharynx during swallowing

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4
Q

Begins mechanical manipulation & processing and sensory input

A

Tongue

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5
Q

On the dorsum of the tongue

A

Papillae

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6
Q

Two lymphoid nodules at

the root of the tongue

A

Lingual tonsils

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7
Q

Masticate food into a bolus

A

Teeth

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8
Q

aka “wisdom teeth”

A

Third molars

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9
Q

Salivary glands produce

A 
Digestive enzymes (carbohydrate digestion)
Produce lubricant
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10
Q

Largest salivary gland; anterior to the ears, extending over masseter

A

Parotid

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11
Q

Deep; floor of the mouth; empties just lateral to lingual frenulum.

A

Submandibular

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12
Q

Shallow; floor of the mouth; under the tongue

A

Sublingual

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13
Q

Stratified squamous (non-keratinized)

A

Pharynx, Esophagus

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14
Q

Where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm

A

Esophageal hiatus

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15
Q

Simple columnar; tunica muscularis has a 3rd layer (oblique) inside the usual circular & longitudinal muscle layers. Watery contents is called chyme

A

Stomach

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16
Q

Four regions of the stomach (in order)

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloris

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17
Q

G cells

A

Enteroendocrine cells

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18
Q

90% of the nutrients are absorbed here due to amounts of mucosal surface area.

A

Small intestine

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19
Q

permanent internal ridges visible to the naked eye

A

Plicae circulares

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20
Q

Absorb lipids NOT blood capillaries; part of lymph system.

A

Lacteals

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21
Q

(crypts of Lieberkuhn): found near the base of intestinal villi; secrete hormones and enzymes; Goblet cells secrete protective mucus.

A

Intestinal glands

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22
Q

From the pancreas & the intestinal glands digest all classes of molecules..

A

Digestive enzymes

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23
Q

Segmentation: a movement characteristic of the small intestine; a churning motion that does NOT produce any net movement down the GI tract; mixes chyme with
intestinal secretions

A

Segmentation

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24
Q

Starts in the esophagus; net movement down the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

25
Q

the first region of the small intestine, begins after the pyloric sphincter and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure

A

Duodenum

26
Q

Duodenum forms a loop around the

A

Pancreas

27
Q

Where the common bile duct fuses with pancreatic duct; wide variation

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

28
Q

opens to allow juices out, but keeps chyme from reversing back up

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

29
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs are

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver & gallbladder

30
Q

Tail, body and head; mixed gland; exocrine & endocrine

A

Pancreas

31
Q

break down all classes of molecules..

A

Digestive enzymes

32
Q

Endocrine or exocrine: Pancreatic islets

A

Endocrine

33
Q

Exocrine cells- secrete into ducts

A

Acinar cells

34
Q

Has four lobes

A

Liver

35
Q

Divides the right lobe from the left lobe of the liver

A

Falciform ligament

36
Q

The remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

continuous with the falciform ligament

A

Round ligament

37
Q

Suspends the liver from the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligament

38
Q

Blood supply to the liver

A

Two ways to enter (hepatic artery proper & hepatic portal vein, only one way out (hepatic vein)

39
Q

8 ft long; supported by mesentery; the bulk of chemical digestion & nutrient absorption occurs here

A

Jejunum

40
Q

Longest (≈12 ft); continues absorption; ends at the ileocecal valve (controls the rate of emptying); Large amount of MALT to counteract bacteria found in the large intestine

A

Ileum

41
Q

An expandable pouch; the ileum attaches to the medial side of
the cecum at the opening called the ileocecal valve

A

Cecum

42
Q

Dangles from the cecum; about 3.5 inches long; mucosa & submucosa dominated by lymphatic nodules (like a tonsil).

A

Vermiform appendix

43
Q

From the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure

A

Transverse colon

44
Q

From the splenic flexure to the sigmoid flexure.

A

Descending colon

45
Q

(S- shaped colon) from the sigmoid flexure to the rectum; posterior to the urinary bladder; suspended by the sigmoid mesocolon

A

Sigmoid colon

46
Q

From the cecum to the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)

A

Ascending colon

47
Q

Temporary storage of feces, presence of feces in rectum triggers the urge to defecate; epithelium changes from simple columnar to non-
keratinized stratified squamous

A

Rectum

48
Q

Terminus of the rectum

A

Anal canal

49
Q

small longitudinal folds allow for stretching..

A

Anal columns

50
Q

(2): smooth muscle forms the internal anal sphincter & skeletal muscle encircles the distal portion of the canal forming the external anal sphincter (voluntary control)

A

Anal sphincters

51
Q

Epithelium becomes keratinized, stratified squamous

A

Anus

52
Q

Steps in digestion

A

1) Ingestion
2) Mechanical processing
3) Secretion
4) Digestion
5) Absorption
6) Compaction
7) Egestion

53
Q

Putting the food/liquid in your mouth

A

Ingestion

54
Q

Starting with mastication in the mouth, swallowing the bolus at pharynx, churning in the stomach & segmentation in the small intestine

A

Mechanical processing

55
Q

Enzymes, mucus, water & bile.

A

Secretion

56
Q

The chemical & enzymatic breakdown of large macromolecules into smaller more absorbable compounds; starting with amylase in the saliva in the mouth & ending with many enzymes in the small intestine..

A

Digestion

57
Q

Small organic molecules, water, electrolytes, vitamins & minerals through digestive epithelium and into the body. Small intestine.

A

Absorption

58
Q

Reabsorption of water in large intestine

A

Compaction

59
Q

Includes indigestible material, as well as some waste products from the liver in bile. Enters the rectum, anal canal and out the anus

A

Egestion

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

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