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Human Anatomy > Lecture Urinary System > Flashcards

Lecture Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Wavelike movement of food is called?

A

Peristalsis

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2
Q

What structures in the oral cavity help fight disease?

A

Tonsils

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3
Q

Chewing is also know as

A

Masticate

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4
Q

What is the usual molecule that supplies energy directly to a cell?

A

ATP

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5
Q

What does digestion do?

A

Supplies the molecules that cells/mitochondria can use to make ATP

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6
Q

Defecation is also known as

A

Egestion

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7
Q

What’s the dental formula?

A

2/2,1/1,2/2,3/3X2=32

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8
Q

What do salivary enzymes do?

A

Carbohydrate digestion

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9
Q

What and where is MALT?

A

Lymphatics, tunica mucosa

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10
Q

What is the Esophageal hiatus?

A

Where Esophagus goes thru diaphragm

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11
Q

Where do you find parietal, chief and enteroendocrine cells?

A

Stomach, gastric glands

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12
Q

Which produces HCl? Gastrin?

A

Parietal, enteroendocrine

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13
Q

What increases surface area in small intestines?

A

Plicae circulares, villi, microvilli..

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14
Q

What is a lacteal?

A

Lymphatic vessels in villi, absorb lipids

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15
Q

Where does bile enter the G.I. Tract?

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

A cluster of MALT in the small intestine is known as

A

Peyer’s patches

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17
Q

The membrane that suspends the stomach is the

A

Lesser omentum

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18
Q

The ligament that suspends the liver is

A

Coronary ligament

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19
Q

Acinar cells (acini) are found where and do what?

A

Pancreas, digestive enzymes..

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20
Q

What are gallstones made of?

A

Cholesterol

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21
Q

What ingredient in bile comes from RBC’s?

A

Bilirubin

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22
Q

What are the two ways that blood can enter the liver?

A

Hepatic artery and Hepatic portal vessel

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23
Q

What is a Triad?

A

At each corner of hepatic lobule, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile duct

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24
Q

Function of oral cavity?

A

Mechanical and chemical- carb. digestion

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25
Q

Function of stomach?

A

Mechanical (chyme) and chemical- protein

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26
Q

Function of small intestine?

A

Chemical (all classes) & absorption

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27
Q

Function of Large intestine?

A

Reabsorption, compaction, storage

28
Q

Primary organ in the urinary system

29
Q

Secondary organs in the urinary system

A

1) Ureters
2) Bladder
3) Urethra

30
Q

Function of urinary system is

A

1) Remove waste from blood
2) Store and excrete urine
3) Blood volume regulation – Effect on blood pressure
4) Regulation of RBC production – Thru erythropoietin
5) Low O2 erythropoietin production
6) EP hemocytoblast activity RBC

31
Q

Each kidney is protected & stabilized by

A

Three concentric layers of connective tissue

32
Q

Dense irregular collagen fibers for protection

A

Renal (fibrous) capsule

33
Q

Perirenal fat can be quite thick & provides insulation & cushioning

A

Adipose capsule

34
Q

Dense outer layer anchors the kidneys to surrounding tissues

A

Renal Fascia

35
Q

Kidneys from the outside in

A

1) Renal capsule: Covers the kidneys
2) Cortex: in contact with capsule; contains many small blood vessels & glomeruli
3) Medulla: under the cortex are conical renal pyramids separated by renal columns; pyramids contain many fine tubules, columns have blood vessels
4) Renal Pelvis: collects urine from all the renal pyramids; continuous with the ureter

36
Q

Bloop vessels of the nephron

A

1) Interlobular artery
2) Afferent arteriole (larger diameter)
3) Glomerular capillaries
4) Efferent arteriole (smaller diameter)
5) Peritubular capillaries (cortex) & vasa recta (medulla)
6) Interlobular vein

37
Q

Glomerulus & a glomerular capsule

A

Renal Corpuscle

38
Q

Where filtration first takes place

A

Glomerulus

39
Q

First part of the nephron

A

Renal corpuscle

40
Q

A network of specialized leaky capillaries

A

Glomerulus

41
Q

Anything that enters glomerular capsule is called

42
Q

Blood cells & proteins are too large to pass into the

A

Glomerular capsule

43
Q

Blood or proteins in the urine indicate?

A

Kidney damage

44
Q

Filtration is about how many gallons per day?

A

50 gallons per day

45
Q

Regulates blood pressure

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

46
Q

Urine production

A

Filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

47
Q

What is dialysis?

A
  • Artificial waste removal from blood
  • Due to kidney malfunction
  • Two kinds
  • Hemodialysis
  • Peritoneal dialysis
48
Q

Continuous with renal pelvis; muscular tube

49
Q

Exits the kidney at the hilum. Travels about 12 inches before entering the posterior wall of the bladder at the slit- like ureteral opening. Smooth muscle layers perform peristaltic contractions that “milk” urine out of each renal pelvis

50
Q
  • Mineral stones- Ca+, NH3
  • Form in the calyx or renal pelvis
  • Pass through the ureter and urethra if small enough
  • Ultra sound to break up if too large
  • Drink plenty of water
A

Kidney stones- Calculi

51
Q

Muscular organ, temporary storage of urine

A

Urinary bladder

52
Q

compresses the bladder to expel urine out the urethra

A

Detrusor muscle

53
Q

Transitional epithelium lining with rugae. T.E. allows for?

A

Stretching of surface

54
Q

Triangular area bound by the two ureteral openings and the entrance to the urethra; lacks rugae and acts like a funnel

55
Q

Stretch receptors begin the?

A

Micturition reflex

56
Q

Involuntary ring of smooth muscle

A

Internal urethral sphincter

57
Q

A ring of skeletal muscle, Voluntary control

A

External urethral sphincter

58
Q

Urethra in females is

A

Very short (1-11⁄2 in.); from the bladder to the vaginal orifice

59
Q

Urethra in males is

A

Much longer (7-8 in.); shared function between urinary & reproductive systems; prostatic urethra, membranous urethra & penile (spongy) urethra

60
Q

Urinalysis

A

Can reveal diseases such as:
– Diabetes
– Kidney disease
– Urinary tract infections

61
Q

What molecule makes up chromosomes?

62
Q

What happens to DNA before Mitosis?

A

DNA replication

63
Q

DNA condenses at?

A

The beginning of mitosis

64
Q

What letter of the alphabet does a chromosome look like at the beginning of mitosis?

65
Q

Two sets of phases for meiosis

A

IPMAT, PMAT

66
Q
  • Homologous pairs
  • Reduction division
  • Gamete production

Human Anatomy (50 decks)

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