Module 4: Leukocyte disorders Flashcards
Leukemia results of
overproduction of leukocytes by BM
=overcrowding in BM =vProduction of normal cells (pancytopenia)
immature cells ejected into blood, accumulate in organs
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
^lymphoblasts in blood/BM, kids, prognosis decreases w age
D/t genetic abnormalities
Has symptoms
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
^immature myeloid cells, vApoptosis/cellular differentiation, aggressive/fast, adults, remission vW/ age
Same s/s as acute lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Malignant B cells do not decrease other cells, but vApoptosis
Found in liver, lymph, spleen, salivary
Neutropenia, vHumoral immunity, ^encapsulated bacterial infections
No s/s, 10+yrs span
Chronic Myelogenous leukemia
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hyperuricemia, infection, fever, wt loss
Philadelphia chromosome translocation
(CML)
Fusion of ____ on __ and ____ on ____=_______
Effect=
fusion of BCR1 gene region on 22 and proto-oncogene ABL1 on chromosome 9
= expression of oncoprotein BCR-ABL1
=^proliferation and vApoptosis
Acute leukemias more common w ____ abnormalities
^ risk w
may occur from
hereditary
down syndrome, faconi aplastic anemia, immune deficiencies
risks: smoking, hep c, hiv, radiation (chemo), benzene, vBM
may occur from CML, CLL, polycythemia, sideroblastic anemia
CML progression 3 phases
chronic: 2-5 yrs, asymptomatic
accelerated: 6-18 mo, symptoms
terminal: ^proliferation, 3-6 mo survival
Lymphoma (most common blood CA) d/t
malignant proliferation of lymphocytes caused by a viral infection/mutation
Hodgkins Lymphoma characterized by
prognosis compared to non-hodgkins
reed sternberg cells: malignant neoplasm of the B lymphocyte cells, linked to epstein barr virus
better prognosis than non-hodgkins
Where do reed sternberg (malignant neoplasm of B lymphocytes) develop
what do they do
where do they spread
develop on one area of lymphatic system
secrete cytokines, trigger inflammation, cause necrosis
spread throughout lymphatic system
Hodgkins lymphoma s/s masses visible blood ^levels (2)
painless mass/swelling in neck, abd mass, mediatanial mass on cxr, adenopathy
fever, vWeight, night sweat, itching,
thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, eosinophilia
^esr, alkaline phosphatase
Non hodgkins lymphoma
malignant transformation of
B cells, T cells, NK cells
d/t oncogenes /inactivate tumor suppressor activated by translocations
Non hodgkins lymphoma risk factors
immunosuppressed: AIDS, hepc, EBV
Hpylori (gastric lymphoma)
chemical/ irradiation exposure
non hodgkins lymphoma s/s
generalized lymphadenopathy (cervical, axillary, inguinal, femoral)
tumors in nasopharynx, GI tract, thryroid, testes
no fever, vWeight, sweats until later stage
