Mod3: HIV

Question 1

HIV transmission

cell makeup

Answer 1

blood, blood products, mom-baby

viral envelope w gp120 protruding, carries reverse trancriptase, integrase, protease in capsid used for replication

Question 2

HIV patho pt1 from binding to DNA integration

Answer 2

gp 120 on HIV binds to the CD4 receptor and either CCR5 or CXCR4, fuses w cell and injects viral RNA
Reverse transcriptase makes DNA from viral RNA which goes to nucleus and integrates w host’s dna using integrase

Question 3

HIV patho pt2 from transcription to budding

Answer 3

Transcription= dna makes new viral RNA particles
translation then begins=new large immature viral proteins are formed and cleaved by protease into small functional proteins, bud thru membrane w a viral envelope (now mature)

goes n gets more cd4 cells

Question 4

HIV patho what happens to infected cd4 cells

Answer 4

they ruptures, apoptosis, or killed by T cells

= decrease in CD4 count

Question 5

CD4 cells importance

Answer 5

recognize antigens and trigger the immune response

Question 6

How do retroviral meds impede replication

6 meds

Answer 6

CCR5 inhibitors
fusion inhibitor
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
integrase inhibitors
protease inhibitors

Question 7

HIV vs AIDS

Answer 7

HIV: more than 200 cd4 AND no illness
AIDS: less than 200 or illness

Question 8

AIDS illness

Answer 8

pcp, toxoplasmosis, leukoencephalopathy, MAC, kaposis sarcoma, lymphoma, tb, candida infection, cervical CA, CMV, histoplasmosis

Question 9

s/s of a compromised immune system

Answer 9

Thrush
vag yeast infections
cervical dysplasia, CA in situ
kaposi sarcoma
hairy leukoplakia
herpes
ITP, PID
neuropathy
fever 38.5 one month
opportunistic infection

Question 10

diagnostic tests

Answer 10

4th gen: tests for HIV antibodies or HIV p24 antigen 10 days post infection
3rd gen: ELISA w western blot confirmation after 12 weeks exposure

Question 11

Opportunistic infections w aids

Answer 11

pneumocystis jiroveci pna (PCP)
mycobacterium avium complec (MAC)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 12

Pneumocystis jiroveci pna (PCP)
s/s
treatment/prevention

Answer 12

Fungal infection ℅ gradual worsening dyspnea, fatigue, night sweats, vWeight, vAppetite, butterfly cxr
treated/prevented w bactrim

Question 13

Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Answer 13

acid fast bacillus resulting in systemic infection
fever, night sweats, vWeight, anorexia, lymphadenopathy
treated w clarithromycin and ethambutol for 6-12 months

Question 14

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer 14

herpes virus that infects the retina=cmv retinitis~blind
cd4<50 at risk, need regular eye exams
resistant to medications
no prevention