Mod 8: obesity

Question 1

Obesity = ^ in \_\_\_adipose tissue
BMI= >\_\_\_\_kg/m2

Answer 1

white adipose tissue

>30kg/m2

Question 2

^ risk of (12)

Answer 2

htn, hld, stroke, fatty liver, cholelithiasis, ckd, hiatal hernia, gerd, asthma, osa, oa, infectious disease

Question 3

metabolic disorders that contribute to obesity (5)

Answer 3

cushings, pcos, vGH

hypothyroid, hypothalamic injury,

Question 4

white adipose tissue stores ___ and secretes ____

Answer 4

stores triglycerides, secretes adipokines

Question 5

adipokines increase/decrease fat mass by regulating ____ and _____balance
signal ___, ___,___, _____

Answer 5

regulates satiety and energy balance

signals hypothalamus, brainstem, ans, hunger center

Question 6

visceral White adipose tissue causes _____ dysfunction

Answer 6

regulatory signaling center dysfunction

Question 7

adipose tissue- gut brain axis refers to the GI tract releasing what

Answer 7

GI tract releases adipokines and hormones to brain

Question 8

adipokines (6)

Answer 8

Leptin
Adiponectin
Grelin
Glucagon-like peptides
Peptide YY
Endocannabinoids
Angiotensin

Question 9

Leptin

• produced by
• ^=blocks/stimulates
• ^level w ^___
• vLevel= ^___ and v___ use

Answer 9

produced by OB gene
blocks appetite stimulating neurons, stimulates suppressant
^level w ^adipocyte #’s
vLevel=^appetite and vEnergy use

Question 10

Leptin resistance caused by ___
causes___, ____
seen w hyper___, ^___levels, hyper___, ____mediators

Answer 10

chronically elevated leptin level
=overeating, weight gain
seen with hyperglycemia, ^insulin, hld, pro0-inflammatory mediators

Question 11

Adiponectin
secreted by ____
increases ____ sensitivity
has anti____ properties

Answer 11

visceral adipose tissue
increases insulin sensitivity
anti-inflammatory properties

Question 12

Decreased Adiponectin levels caused by obesity=
____resistance, ^hepatic_____, vSkeletal muscle ____intake, ^______released

associated with:
c____, chronic _____, t____

Answer 12

insulin resistance (dm2), ^hepatic gluconeogenesis, vSkeletal muscle glucose intake, ^proinflammatory mediators released
CAD, chronic inflammation, thrombosis

Question 13

Endocannabinoids

• derived from ___
• ^___,___absorption ,____genesis ,___
• inhibits ____

Answer 13

derived from arachidonic acid
^appetite, nutrient absorption, lipogenesis, WAT
inhibits energy expenditure

Question 14

Grelin
produced by \_\_\_\_ d/t \_\_\_\_\_
changes will increase \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_
=secretion of \_\_,\_\_,\_\_
causes \_\_\_, \_\_\_, vaso\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_protective

Answer 14

produced by gastric mucosa d/t hunger
increase weight and fat
= secretion of GH, gastric acid, insulin
causes GI motility, satiety, vasodilation
cardioprotective

Question 15

Grelin effect normally and in obesity

Answer 15

normal= ^w hunger, vAfter eating
obesity= vLevels and blunted response to eating

Question 16

Glucagon-like Peptide 1
-secreted by \_\_\_
=\_\_\_secretion, delays \_\_\_\_emptying
decreases \_\_\_, increases \_\_\_use
\_\_\_levels in obesity

Answer 16

secreted by intestinal endocrine cells
=insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying
decreases appetite, increases energy use
decreased levels in obesity

Question 17

Peptide YY
released from \_\_\_
inhibits\_\_\_\_
decreases \_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_levels in obese

Answer 17

released from intestinal endocrine cells
inhibits gastric motility
decreases appetite
decreased levels in obese

Question 18

Angiotensin
made by __ and ____
___levels in obesity
=angiotensin 2= vaso____,___/___retention, ____

Answer 18

made by liver and adipocytes
increased in obesity
= angiotensin2= constriction, na/h20 retention, aldosterone

Question 19

visceral vs peripheral obesity

[visceral assc with (8)]

Answer 19

Peripheral (pear shape)- less adipokines released than visceral fat
Visceral (apple)- assc w. chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, OSA, OA, DM2, CV disease, fatty liver, CA

Question 20

Angiotensin leads to ___,___resistance, ____genesis, ___stress
associated with __,____,___,___

Answer 20

inflammation, insulin resistance, lipogenesis, oxidative stress
asc w/ htn, atherosclerosis, dm2, CA