mod 7: hemostasis alterations Flashcards
vCO2 affect on cbf
decreased cerebral blood flow
pao2 <50= ___cbf
^cbf
cerebral perfusion pressure made of __ and ___
icp and MAp
cell death= cellular edema and ^icp =___CPP
decreased
htn=^hydrostatic pressure=interstitial fluid shift =^ICP= __CPP
decreased
ICP pressure must be overcome for ____
brain perfusion (5-15)
ventricle swelling (tumor/hemorrhage/^Csf) and ^ICP=___cpp
decreased= brain ischemia
^ICP stages 1 2 3 4
1-brain vasoconstricts, compresses venous systemt xS/S
2-body tries to ^cpp (confusion, breathing/pupil changes, lethargy)
3-icp nears arterial pressure, ^Co2=brain vasodilation=vHydrostatic pressure, ^BV, widened pulse pressure, autoregulation of blood vessel diameter lost
4-icp=arterial, brain herniates, no cerebral perfusion->cell death=^ICP
moderate concussion
loss of consciousness >30 min gcs 8-13 basa skull fx w/o brainstem injury posturing permanent deficits
severe concussion
gcs<8 w brain stem injury, intracranial contusions
loss of consciousness >24hrs, ^icp4-6 days after
immediate autonomic dysfunction
pulmonary complications
post concussive syndrome
^older/women
brain atrophy and organic brain injury on imaging for up to 1 yr
post traumatic seizures
after open injuries w/in days up to 2-5 yrs
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
repeated trauma, may have motor/mood disturbances
risk w apolipoprotein E 4
football, alzheimers 3x as likely
cerebral atrophy, tau-immunoreactive degenerative changes (tangles and threads)
chronic traumatic encephalopathy stages 1 2 3 4
- p-tau neuro tangles to sulcal depths of cortex
- perivascular p-tau tangles
- p-tau deposition spread from frontal ->temporal lobes
- widespread deposition of p-tau
