Mod3: strep, staph, vre, ecoli, candida Flashcards
Flu etiology
Type A&B do antigenic shift (mutate)
adults- viral shedding 3-5 days, kids-10 days
incubation 1-4 days
Flu patho
virus inhaled, neuraminidase degrades respiratory mucus
hemagglutinin infects cells= necrosis/inflammation
leaves host susceptible to bacterial pneumonia
Flu mutations d.t___
Neuraminidase responsible for ___
immunity is a ___ function
what happens to hemagglutinin in respiratory tract
mutation d/t changes in neuraminidase and hemagglutinin surface proteins
immunity is a IgA function
stays in respiratory tract bc hemagglutinin is cleaved
Flu symptoms
complications
myalgia, fever, fatigue d/t cytokines
cough, headaches
complications: bacterial pna (staph/strep), bronchitis, viral pna, febrile seizure, encephalitis, myocarditis
Measels caused by ___ virus, causes___
incubation
contagious
spread by
virus rubeola, systemic=immune suppression
incubate 6-19 days
contagious 5 days before rash,4 days after
droplet
measels s/s
fever, malaise, anorexia, conjunctivitis, cough
photophobia
rash (2 days): blanching white-grey or blue papules w red base on buccal mucosa, begins on face down
petichiae->rash w no blanching
measels complications
at risk:
diarrhea, encephalitis, systemic immune supprsion, pna=death
risk:pregnant and immunocompromised
B-lactamases (lactam abx resistant)
Extended spectrum B lactamases (ESBL)
Carbapenemases
Amp C B-lactamases
Genes causing pan abx resistance
New delhi metallo B-lactamase NDM
Gene colistin resistance (mcr)
Mechanisms of resistance abx (4)
change in cell wall permeability
develop altered target for meds
altered metabolic pathway that bypasses rxn inhibited by the drug
develop altered enzyme to metabolize drug but less w less effects
Vaccines prevent disease by
herd immunity, if live and person has vImmunity can infect person or when person sheds can infect others
(polio)
