Mod 8: adrenal gland

Question 1

Adrenal cortex secretes __,___,__

stimulated by

Answer 1

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

stimulated by ACTH

Question 2

3 types of glucocorticoids

All have effects on ____, provide ___properties, ___supressing effects

Answer 2

cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

effect metabolism, anti-inflammatory, growth suppressing effects

Question 3

Functions of the glucocorticoids
inhibit cellular uptake of ___
stimulate _____secretion
metabolite of cortisol acts as ____=_____nerve cell function in brain

Answer 3

inhibit cellular uptake of glucose
stimulate gastric acid secretion
metabolite of cortisol acts as barbiturate and depresses nerve cell function in brain

Question 4

Main mineralcorticoid

Answer 4

aldosterone (^renal reabsorption of NA, vPotassium)
release controlled by RAAS, angiotensin 2
ACE inhibitors =^K

Question 5

adrenal Medulla secretes catecholamines ___,___,___

innervated by both the ___ and ___

Answer 5

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

Both catecholamines epi and norepi increase blood pressure by increasing ____ and ____
they also increase ___, ___levels, and ___metabolism

Answer 6

increasing heart rate and vasoconstriction

increase respirations, glucose levels, cellular metabolism

Question 7

Cushings syndrome- chronic over secretion of ___
d/t:
exogenous __ use
over secretion of ___ d/t pituitary tumor
ectopically produced ____ from ______, or ______

Answer 7

cortisol
exogenous steroid use
over secretion of ACTH d/t pituitary tumor
ectopically produced ACTH from non-pituitary carcinoma, or adrenal adenoma

Question 8

Addison’s disease- disease of the ____= v___ and v___secretion
caused by ____ reaction that targets the adrenal cortex= adrenal ____and ____

Answer 8

adrenal cortex= vCortisol and aldosterone secretion
autoimmune reaction
adrenal atrophy and hypofunction

Question 9

Causes of addison’s disease

HIMFACT

Answer 9

HIV
infections
metastatic tumors
fungal infections
amyloidosis
cessation of steroid therapy 
TB

Question 10

Addisons sx appear after ______

Answer 10

90% of gland has been destroyed

Question 11

Addisons s/s

opposite of cushings

Answer 11

hypoglycemia =fatigue, weakness, apathy, confusion , anorexia, n/v/d, and pain and the addisonian triad

Question 12

Addisonian triad

HHH

Answer 12

hyperkalemia- vAldosterone=xK excretion
hyponatremia-vAldosterone xNa retention
hypotension-vCortisol xKeep vascular tone

Question 13

Mineral corticoid deficiency sx’s

Answer 13

hypovolemia
dehydrated 
postural hypotension
dizzy
hyperkalemia 
salt cravings

Question 14

Addisonian crisis

Answer 14

lack of cortisol and aldosterone

=severe hypotension, vascular collapse d/t fluid loss and vVascular tone