Mod3: Disorders of immunity

Question 1

Allergic immune response cause

Answer 1

Exposure to allergen- food, meds, pollen, minutes to hours

Question 2

allergic immune response patho

Answer 2

IgE binds with allergen
Upon re-exposure allergen binds with prev formed antigen IgE complex
Mast cell detects complex and degranulates
Releases histamine and triggers inflammatory cascade

Question 3

allergic immune response effects

Answer 3

Depend on route of entry

Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma

Question 4

autoimmunity

Answer 4

Person is genetically predisposed, immune system attacks own cells
More common in women

Question 5

alloimmunity

Answer 5

Immune response to another member of the same species’ antigens/tissues (ABO, Rh, transplant rejection)

Question 6

systemic lupus etiology

Answer 6

Chronic multisystem inflammatory in women 20-40 and blacks,

Question 7

systemic lupus patho

Answer 7

Antibodies formed against nucleic acids(dna,rna,histones!), erythrocytes, coagulation, phospholipids, lymphocytes, plts
Complexes deposited in variety of tissues-complement (inflammation)=tissue damage

Question 8

systemic lupus effects

Answer 8

Butterfly rash, photosensitivity, nonerosive arthritis of jointS, serositis, arthalgias, pulm hemmorhage,proteinuria, seizures, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 9

Rheumatoid Arthritis etiology

Answer 9

Autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of connective tissue mainly joints
1-2% adults ^women ^30+
HLA-DRB1=^risk, 60+,0kids, smoking/mom smoking, obesity

Question 10

Rheumatoid Arthritis patho

Answer 10

IgM autoantibodies formed against IgG antibodies, they bind together=antigen antibody complex, deposited in synovial membranes
Membranes infiltrated with T-cells, plasma cells, macrophages, start of inflamm process=tissue damage

Question 11

Rheumatoid Arthritis effects

Answer 11

destruction of synovial membranes. progressive disease and the damage is irreversible= deformity and disability

Symmetrical joint swelling, erythemic warm joint,loss of function, morning stiffness, weight loss, weakness, anorexia, nodules elbows fingers
Can be invasive-heart-pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, spleen

Question 12

Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 12

Environmental- food, drug, animal, insect venom, asthma exacerbation
Angioedema-idiopathic/med related
Anaphylaxis -itching, hives, angioedema, n/v/d, wheezing, dyspnea, hypotension, shock, death
Atopic disorders- hay fever, asthma, eczema, urticaria (genetic predisposition-“atopic”)

Question 13

Hyperacute transplant rejection

Answer 13

immediate / rare d/t/ amount of pre transplant cross matching (HLA antigen antibody testing)
Usually occurs in recipients with preexisting antibodies to antigens (previous blood transfusions, previous grafts, women with multiple pregnancies develop antibodies against their husband’s HAL antigens

Question 14

Acute transplant rejection

Answer 14

within days / months
Develops immune response against unmatched HLA’s. Sensitization by recipient’s lymphocytes interacting with the donor’s dendritic cells within the transplanted tissue = induction of Th1 and Tc cells against donor’s antigens (can be seen on biopsy)

Question 15

Chronic transplant rejection

Answer 15

months / years
May be caused by inflammatory damage to endothelial cells lining blood vessels d/t/ weak cell-mediated immunologic reaction against minor histocompatibility antigens on grafted tissue

Question 16

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

Answer 16

immune response against antigens on donated tissue Type IV cell mediated reaction (rejection w/in 2 weeks w/o immunosuppressive drugs
***Matching HLA-DR locus appears to be most critical for graft acceptance