mod 7: neuro disorders

Question 1

simple partial seizure

Answer 1

intact consciousness, motor symptoms start in face/hands, jacksonian march, remain local or can generalize

Question 2

complex partial seizure

Answer 2

consciousness impaired, wide eyed, inappropriate actions w/o thought, automatisms:lip smack, grimace, patting, picking

Question 3

Generalized seizure
absence:
tonic:
clonic:
tonic clonic (grand mal)

Answer 3

involve both hemispheres, loss of consc., whole body,
absence- automatisms
tonic:^muscle tone
clonic: jerking
grand mal: stiff/jerking, incontinent, disoriented

Question 4

status epilepticus seizure

Answer 4

continuous>5min, >30 min, can =permanent neuro injury

Question 5

non-convulsive status epilepticus

Answer 5

no seizure activity, altered mental status, dx w eeg

Question 6

MS relapsing/remitting

Answer 6

most common, exacerbation followed by full recovery

Question 7

MS primary regressive

Answer 7

least common, ongoing progression w/o remission

affects spinal cord, less cognitive effects

Question 8

MS progressive relapsing

Answer 8

progressive worsening, more severe sx

Question 9

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 9

autoimmune, affects neuromuscular junction,
fatigue improves w rest
IgG attaches to acetylcholine receptors, prevents impulse transmission, receptors destroyed

Question 10

Myasthenia crisis

Answer 10

breathing impairment, quadriplegia

eye,face, throat affected first, xMove eyes, paralysis descends, needs vent eventually

Question 11

Guillan Barre

Answer 11

demylenation of pns
after resp/GI infection (surgery, immunization, zika)
autoimmune, ascending paralysis, requires vent, chronic relapsing can = death

Question 12

Delirium hyperactive

Answer 12

overstimulation of autonomic nervous system

vAcetylcholine/melatonin, ^dopamine, norepi, glutamatw

Question 13

Excited delirium

Answer 13

agigated, hyperkinetic=death, assc w hypoglycemia, thyroid storm, seizure, coke/meth, catecholamine induced arrhythmias

Question 14

Hypoactive delirium

Answer 14

R frontal lobe-basal ganglia disruption
fevers, metabolic disorders, cns depressants, post op
forgetful, confused, apathetic

Question 15

meningitis

Answer 15

pia mater infection, d/t meningococcus/pneumococcus

can be asymptomatic carrier, isolate 24hrs after abx, contacts treated

Question 16

meningitis s/s

Answer 16

photophobia, kernigs/brudzinskis sign, nuchal rigidity, focal neuro deficits, seizures
meningitis

Question 17

meningitis cause in NB

infants/children

Answer 17

NB-group B strep, ecoli, listeria

infants- strep pneumoniae

Question 18

alzheimers

Answer 18

most common form of dementia
death 5-10yrs after dx
^risk w age/fam hx

Question 19

alzheimers
affects amyloid clearance from brain
cause:

Answer 19

apolipoprtoein E allele 4
amyloid accumulates and becomes toxic to neurons
plaques and tangles in brain, neuron death
leads to xADL’s

Question 20

Parkinsons

Answer 20

degenerative disorder of basal ganglia=vDopamine
^men
can progress to dementia

Question 21

secondary parkinsons (d/t drug) , reversible

Answer 21

degeneration of basal ganglia and corpus striatum dopamine producing neurons
dopamine inhibits excitatory acetylcholine in basal gangli

Question 22

neurotransmitter imbalance in basal ganglia=

Answer 22

flexed forward posture, slurring, drool, shuffling, resting tremor, rigid, bradykinesia, dysphagia, incontinent