Mod 8: endocrine pancreas function Flashcards
within islets of langerhans are 4 cells, what do they secrete A B D F
Alpha-glucagon
Beta-gastrin
Delta-gastrin and somatostatin
F cells- pancreatic polypeptide=gastric acid secretion, inhibits cholecystokinin
Insulin synthesized in ____ cells from _____
Beta cells from proinsulin
what is cleaved from the proinsulin complex to - insulin
C peptide cleaved leaving A and B peptide bonded
what peptide levels can be measured to show amount of insulin being secreted
C peptide levels
what stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin
Parasympathetic nervous system before meals stimulates beta cells
what are other reasons for insulin secretion
6
^glucose
Amino acids
GI hormones: glucagon, gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin
Why do insulin levels drop
4
Sympathetic nervous system Stimulation of beta cells
vGlucose
^insulin
prostaglandins
how does insulin move glucose into the cell
Insulin binds w cell receptors and triggers glucose transporter activation (21x diffusion into cell)
Glucose diffuses into what cells
Skeletal muscle
cardiac
liver
adipose
What 4 things impact insulin sensitivity
Age
weight
Abdominal fat
activity level
what 3 diseases are associated with insulin resistance
Hypertension
heart disease
diabetes
Amylin hormone secreted by beta cells to help regulate glucose concentration by delaying ________ and suppressing ______ secretion
Delaying gastric emptying and Suppressing glucagon secretion
glucagon is responsible for _____insulin
And ____ glucose levels during ___,___,___
Antagonizing insulin
Increasing glucose during exercise, fasting, hypoglycemia
glucagon stimulates ____ in liver
Glycogenolysis
What stimulates release of glucagon
Low sugar and vice versa
what 3 amino acids stimulate glucagon secretion
And so will a ___rich meal
Alanine
Glycine
Asparagine
Protein
Glucagon initiates ____
Lipolysis
Pancreatic somatostatin (D) regulates \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ cells of pancreas by inhibiting \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_
regulates alpha and beta cells of pancreas by inhibiting insulin and glucagon
Incretin hormones glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) control glucose levels after eating by:
stimulating glucose dependent __secretion
inhibiting ___synthesis
slowing _____
stimulating hepatic ____secretion
stimulating glucose dependent insulin secretion
inhibiting glucagon synthesis
slowing gastric emptying
stimulating hepatic glucose secretion
GLP-1 and GIP help to increase ___ stores
increase insulin stores
GLP-1 receptor agonists ___ the function of the GLP peptide protein
enhances GLP 1 peptide
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) breaks down ___
diabetes drugs work to ___ this enzyme
incretins
diabetes drugs work to inhibit DPP-4
