Mod 8: endocrine pancreas function

Question 1

within islets of langerhans are 4 cells, what do they secrete
A
B
D
F

Answer 1

Alpha-glucagon
Beta-gastrin
Delta-gastrin and somatostatin
F cells- pancreatic polypeptide=gastric acid secretion, inhibits cholecystokinin

Question 2

Insulin synthesized in ____ cells from _____

Answer 2

Beta cells from proinsulin

Question 3

what is cleaved from the proinsulin complex to - insulin

Answer 3

C peptide cleaved leaving A and B peptide bonded

Question 4

what peptide levels can be measured to show amount of insulin being secreted

Answer 4

C peptide levels

Question 5

what stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin

Answer 5

Parasympathetic nervous system before meals stimulates beta cells

Question 6

what are other reasons for insulin secretion

6

Answer 6

^glucose
Amino acids
GI hormones: glucagon, gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin

Question 7

Why do insulin levels drop

4

Answer 7

Sympathetic nervous system Stimulation of beta cells
vGlucose
^insulin
prostaglandins

Question 8

how does insulin move glucose into the cell

Answer 8

Insulin binds w cell receptors and triggers glucose transporter activation (21x diffusion into cell)

Question 9

Glucose diffuses into what cells

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle
cardiac
liver
adipose

Question 10

What 4 things impact insulin sensitivity

Answer 10

Age
weight
Abdominal fat
activity level

Question 11

what 3 diseases are associated with insulin resistance

Answer 11

Hypertension
heart disease
diabetes

Question 12

Amylin hormone secreted by beta cells to help regulate glucose concentration by delaying ________ and suppressing ______ secretion

Answer 12

Delaying gastric emptying and Suppressing glucagon secretion

Question 13

glucagon is responsible for _____insulin

And ____ glucose levels during ___,___,___

Answer 13

Antagonizing insulin

Increasing glucose during exercise, fasting, hypoglycemia

Question 14

glucagon stimulates ____ in liver

Answer 14

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

What stimulates release of glucagon

Answer 15

Low sugar and vice versa

Question 16

what 3 amino acids stimulate glucagon secretion

And so will a ___rich meal

Answer 16

Alanine
Glycine
Asparagine
Protein

Question 17

Glucagon initiates ____

Answer 17

Lipolysis

Question 18

Pancreatic somatostatin (D)
regulates \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ cells of pancreas by inhibiting \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 18

regulates alpha and beta cells of pancreas by inhibiting insulin and glucagon

Question 19

Incretin hormones glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) control glucose levels after eating by:
stimulating glucose dependent __secretion
inhibiting ___synthesis
slowing _____
stimulating hepatic ____secretion

Answer 19

stimulating glucose dependent insulin secretion
inhibiting glucagon synthesis
slowing gastric emptying
stimulating hepatic glucose secretion

Question 20

GLP-1 and GIP help to increase ___ stores

Answer 20

increase insulin stores

Question 21

GLP-1 receptor agonists ___ the function of the GLP peptide protein

Answer 21

enhances GLP 1 peptide

Question 22

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) breaks down ___

diabetes drugs work to ___ this enzyme

Answer 22

incretins

diabetes drugs work to inhibit DPP-4