Mitral Valve Disease

Question 1

What is mitral valve disease?

Answer 1

A spectrum of disorders affecting the mitral valve including mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation.

Mitral valve disease can lead to significant cardiovascular complications.

Question 2

List two types of mitral valve disease.

Answer 2

• Mitral stenosis
• Mitral regurgitation

Question 3

What are common symptoms of mitral valve disease?

Answer 3

• Dyspnoea
• Fatigue
• Palpitations

Question 4

What characterizes mitral stenosis?

Answer 4

Thickening and immobility of mitral leaflets.

This condition often stems from rheumatic heart disease.

Question 5

What is the primary cause of mitral stenosis in developed countries?

Answer 5

Rheumatic heart disease.

Question 6

Name two complications of mitral stenosis.

Answer 6

• Pulmonary hypertension
• Right-sided heart failure

Question 7

What type of murmur is associated with mitral stenosis?

Answer 7

Mid-diastolic murmur.
Loud S1.
Opening snap.
Low volume pulse.

Question 8

What is mitral regurgitation?

Answer 8

Incomplete closure of the valve leading to retrograde blood flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

Question 9

List three causes of mitral regurgitation.

Answer 9

• coronary artery disease or post-MI
• mitral valve prolapse
• infective endocarditits
• rheumatic fever
• congenital

Question 10

What type of murmur is associated with mitral regurgitation?

Answer 10

Pansystolic murmur
‘Blowing’ in character
Radiates into axilla

Question 11

Risk factors for mitral regurgitation

Answer 11

• collagen disorders (e.g. Marfan’s, Ehlers-Danlos)
• female
• prior MI
• increasing age

Question 12

Malar flush is associated with which valve disorder?

Answer 12

Mitral stenosis