Depression Flashcards
What is depression?
A disorder that causes persistent feelings of low mood, low energy and reduced enjoyment of activities
What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of depression?
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)
True or False: The cause of depression is solely due to a chemical imbalance.
False
It is likely a combination of genetic, psychological, biological, and environmental factors.
What are the core symptoms of depression?
- Low mood
- Anhedonia (lack of pleasure or interest in activities)
List some emotional symptoms of depression.
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Low self-esteem
- Guilt
- Hopelessness about the future
What cognitive symptoms are associated with depression?
- Poor concentration
- Slow thoughts
- Poor memory
What physical symptoms can indicate depression?
- Low energy
- Abnormal sleep
- Poor appetite or overeating
- Slow movements
Fill in the blank: Potential triggers for depression may include _______.
[stress, grief, relationship breakdown]
What is the PHQ-9 questionnaire used for?
To assess the severity of depression
What score range on the PHQ-9 indicates moderate depression?
10-14
What are some management options for depression?
- Active monitoring and self-help
- Address lifestyle factors
- Therapy (e.g., cognitive behavioural therapy)
- Antidepressants (SSRIs are first-line)
True or False: NICE recommends offering antidepressants as first-line treatment for all patients with depression.
False
They recommend not offering antidepressants first-line for patients with less severe depression.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) used for?
To treat severe, medication-resistant, and psychotic depression
What are common side effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy?
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Short-term memory loss
Define psychotic depression.
Depression accompanied by symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations
What is the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale used for?
To screen for postnatal depression
What are the symptoms of baby blues?
- Mood swings
- Low mood
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Tearfulness
What is the peak time for postnatal depression to occur after childbirth?
Around three months after birth
What is puerperal psychosis?
A severe illness starting a few weeks after birth, characterized by psychotic symptoms
Fill in the blank: A score of ______ or more on the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale suggests postnatal depression.
10
What type of support does the mother and baby unit provide?
Specialist treatment for mothers and their babies to remain together and bond
