Depression Flashcards
What is depression?
A disorder that causes persistent feelings of low mood, low energy and reduced enjoyment of activities
What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of depression?
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)
True or False: The cause of depression is solely due to a chemical imbalance.
False
It is likely a combination of genetic, psychological, biological, and environmental factors.
What are the core symptoms of depression?
- Low mood
- Anhedonia (lack of pleasure or interest in activities)
List some emotional symptoms of depression.
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Low self-esteem
- Guilt
- Hopelessness about the future
What cognitive symptoms are associated with depression?
- Poor concentration
- Slow thoughts
- Poor memory
What physical symptoms can indicate depression?
- Low energy
- Abnormal sleep
- Poor appetite or overeating
- Slow movements
Fill in the blank: Potential triggers for depression may include _______.
[stress, grief, relationship breakdown]
What is the PHQ-9 questionnaire used for?
To assess the severity of depression
What score range on the PHQ-9 indicates moderate depression?
10-14
What are some management options for depression?
- Active monitoring and self-help
- Address lifestyle factors
- Therapy (e.g., cognitive behavioural therapy)
- Antidepressants (SSRIs are first-line)
True or False: NICE recommends offering antidepressants as first-line treatment for all patients with depression.
False
They recommend not offering antidepressants first-line for patients with less severe depression.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) used for?
To treat severe, medication-resistant, and psychotic depression
What are common side effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy?
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Short-term memory loss
Define psychotic depression.
Depression accompanied by symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations
