Obesity Flashcards
What is obesity?
A metabolic disease defined by excessive body fat accumulation, posing health risks.
What causes obesity?
Prolonged energy intake exceeding expenditure.
What percentage of UK adults are obese?
1 in 4 UK adults.
What percentage of UK children are obese?
1 in 5 UK children.
What BMI value defines being overweight/obese?
BMI >25.
What are the main risk factors for obesity?
- Poor diet
- Lack of physical exercise
List some underlying medical conditions that can contribute to obesity.
- Cushing’s syndrome
- PCOS
- Hypothyroidism
- Growth hormone deficiency
What medications are associated with weight gain?
- Antidepressants (tricyclics, MOAi, mirtazapine, atypical antipsychotics)
- Corticosteroids
What socio-economic factors can influence obesity?
Socio-economic status.
Name some mental health issues that can contribute to obesity.
- Depression
- Eating disorders
What genetic syndromes are linked to obesity?
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Bardet-Biedl syndrome
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of risk factors including hypertension, hyperglycaemia, excess fat around the waist, and hypercholesterolaemia.
What diseases are associated with metabolic syndrome?
- Diabetes
- Stroke
- Heart disease
What is a main clinical feature of obesity?
Excess body fat.
What is another clinical feature of obesity?
Weight above average for person’s height.
List some other clinical features of obesity.
- Dyspnoea
- Sleep apnoea
- Skin problems (e.g. intertrigo)
- Osteoarthritis
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Hyperlipidaemia
How is BMI measured?
Weight (kg) / height (m)^2.
What is the waist-to-height ratio used to measure?
Central obesity.
What are the 5A’s of counseling for obesity?
- Assess
- Ask
- Advise
- Assist
- Actions
What is the target weight loss percentage for obesity management?
5-10% reduction in body weight.
What are non-surgical management options for obesity?
- Lifestyle changes
- Liraglutide
- Orlistat
What is the BMI threshold for surgical management of obesity?
BMI ≥40 or BMI 35-40 with comorbidities.
Name some types of bariatric surgery.
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- Sleeve gastrectomy
- Gastric bypass
What is dumping syndrome?
Symptoms from food rapidly emptying or being ‘dumped’ from the stomach into the small intestines.
What are some symptoms of dumping syndrome?
- Bloating
- Abdominal pain/cramps
- Diarrhoea
- Nausea
