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UKMLA > Gallstones & Biliary Colic > Flashcards

Gallstones & Biliary Colic Flashcards

1
Q

What are gallstones?

A

Abnormal deposits of material that form within the biliary tree, most commonly the gallbladder

Also known as cholelithiasis.

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2
Q

What are most gallstones composed of?

A

Cholesterol from concentrated bile released from the bile ducts

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3
Q

What is cholestasis?

A

Blocked bile outflow

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4
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A

Gallstone(s)

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5
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

Gallstone(s) in the bile duct

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6
Q

What is biliary colic?

A

Intermittent RUQ pain from gallstones irritating bile ducts

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7
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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8
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the bile ducts

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9
Q

What is gallbladder empyema?

A

Pus in the gallbladder

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10
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

Surgical removal of gallbladder

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11
Q

What is a cholecystostomy?

A

Inserting drain into gallbladder

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12
Q

What are the three factors triggering gallstone formation?

A

Supersaturation, Stasis, Sepsis

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13
Q

What are the 4 Fs associated with gallstones?

A
  • Fat
  • Fair
  • Female
  • Forty
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14
Q

What are acute complications of gallstones stuck in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct?

A
  • Biliary colic
  • Acute cholecystitis
  • Mirizzi syndrome
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15
Q

What are chronic complications of gallstones stuck in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct?

A
  • Gallbladder mucocele
  • Chronic cholecystitis
  • Gallbladder cancer
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16
Q

What are acute complications of gallstones stuck in the common bile duct?

A
  • Obstructive jaundice
  • Acute cholangitis
  • Gallstone pancreatitis
17
Q

What are chronic complications of gallstones stuck in the common bile duct?

A
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
18
Q

What are acute complications of gallstones stuck in the bowel?

A
  • Gallstone ileus
  • Bouveret’s syndrome
19
Q

What are chronic complications of gallstones stuck in the bowel?

A
  • Cholecystoenteric fistula
20
Q

What is the duration of pain experienced in biliary colic?

A

30 minutes to 8 hours

21
Q

What are common symptoms of biliary colic?

A
  • Sudden onset severe RUQ pain
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Sweating, palpitations
22
Q

What is the gold standard test for diagnosing biliary colic?

A

Ultrasound

23
Q

What is the management for asymptomatic gallstones?

A

Conservative treatment, no intervention required

24
Q

What surgical procedure is indicated for symptomatic gallstones?

A

Cholecystectomy

25
Q

What are common symptoms of post-cholecystectomy syndrome?

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Indigestion
  • Epigastric or RUQ pain/discomfort
  • Nausea
  • Intolerance of fatty foods
  • Flatulence

UKMLA (122 decks)

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