Microbiology NBE Study Guide Flashcards
Mutual opposition or contrary action. The inhibition of one microorganism by another.
Antagonism
Failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally.
Aplasia
Self-nourishing bacteria.
Autotrophic Bacteria
A large group of nonmotie, gram negative intracellular parasites.
Chlamydia
The act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or subustance.
Contamination
The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury.
Degeneration
Reduction ofthe toxic properties of a poisonous substance.
Detoxification
A double bacillus, two being linked end to end. Morax-Axenfeld bacillus is a cause of conjunctivitis is typical of this form.
Diplobacilli
A genus of bacteria that occur in pairs.
Diplococcus
Resistant, as in bacteria, to the action of a drug or drugs.
Drug-Fast
Abnormal development of tissue.
Dysplasia
A thick-walled spore within a bacterium.
Endospores
The study of the cause of disease.
Etiology
Fluid or cellular debris exuding from blood vessels and deposited in tissues or tissue surfaces; usually a result of inflammation.
Exudate
Prefers live organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of dead organic matter under certain conditions.
Facultative Saprophyte
A substance that kills fungi.
Fungicide
An abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle.
Furunce
An infection that becomes systemic.
General Infection
A substance that destroys microorganisms.
Germicide
Synonymous with “normal flora” indicates that microbial popuation that lives with the host in a healthy condition.
Indigenous Flora
A substance that kills insects.
Insecticide
A substance that kills insect larva.
Larvacide
Temperature below which bacterial growth will not take place.
Minimum Demperature
Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population.
Mortality Rate
Bacteria of the Mycoplasma genus that are found in humans and have no cell wall; the smallest free-living organisms presently known being intermediate in size between viruses and bacteria.
Mycoplasmas
Organisms that are free living and relationships are not required for survival.
Non-Symbiotic
What prions are sometimes known as because of the post mortem appearance of the brain with large varuoles in the cortex and cerebellum.
Spongiform Encephalopathies
A genus of spiral bacteria having a corkscrew shape with a rigid cell wall and hair-like projections called flagella that assist in movement.
Spirillum
A genus of bacteria having a flexible cell wall but no flagella in the traidtiional sense. Movement in these organisms occurs by contractions (undulating) of long filaments (endoflagella) that run the length of the cell.
Spirochete
Organisms live in close nutritional relationships; required by one or both members.
Symbiotic
The process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances tht are not ordinarily present.
Infiltration
Grouping of four spherical shaped cells.
Tetracocci
The presence of toxins in the blood.
Toxemia
A genus of spiral bacteria which are curved or bent rods that resemble commas. (to move rapidly, vibrate)
Vibrio
An agent destructive to viruses.
Virucide
The study of viruses and viral diseases.
Vriology
One of a group of minute infectious agents, with certain exceptions (poxviruses) not resolved in the light microscope, and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and by the ability to replicate only within living host cells. Able to reproduce with genetic continuity and the possibility of mutation.
- Range from 200-300nm to 15nm in size
- Morphologically heterogeneous occurring as rod-shaped, spherical, or polyhedral and tadpole-shaped forms
- Consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA but not both)
- Subgroups on basis of host specificity: bacteria, animal and plant
- Classification to origin, transmission, or manifestations they produce
- Sometimes named for geographical location in which they were first isolated.
Virus
Bacteria typically reproduce by a process called:
- osmosis
- parasitism
- autotrophism
- binary fission
Binary Fission
A substance that induces the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it:
- Antigen
- Lysozyme
- Interferon
- Gastric juice
Antigen
A minute organism not visible with an ordinary light microscope is:
- Virus
- Fungi
- Bacterial
- Protozoa
Virus
The causative organism in amebic dysentery:
- Plasmodium Malaria
- Pheumocystis carinii
- entamoeba histolytica
- Clostridium perfringens
Entamoeba Histolytica
Viruses are unaffected by the action of:
- antibodies
- antibiotics
- phagocytes
- interferon
Antibiotics
An organism that feeds on dead organic matter only is a:
- Facultative anaerobe
- Faculatative aerobe
- Strict parasite
- Strict saprophyte
Strict Saprophyte
Rickettsia rickettsii is (More than one answer):
- A tick-borne disease
- A flea-borne disease
- Rocket Mountain Spotted Fever
- Inclusion conjunctivitis
Both a Tick-Borne Disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Which of the following are true of malignant neoplasms? (More than one answer)
- Resembles the tissue of origin
- Grows my infiltration
- Cause tissue damage
- Grows by expansion
Both Grows by Infiltration and Causes Tissue Damage
Pneumococci usually leaves the body through the:
- blood
- feces
- urine
- nose and mouth
Nose and Mouth
The increase in size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells.
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of cells composing it.
Hypertrophy
Bacteria that can grow in the absence or presence of free oxygen are known as:
- Aerobes
- Facultative
- Obligate aerobes
- Obligate Anaerobes
Facultative
Which superficial dermatomycosis increases when associated with AIDS?
- Candidiasis
- Cryptococcisis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
Candidiasis
An important factor in any consideration of the mode of action of antimicrobial compounds.
- Transportation
- Cross resistance
- Selective toxicity
- Plasmid-mediated resistance
Selective Toxicity
Pathogenic microbes are most virulent:
- After the first 24 hours
- During thermal death time
- Only in the presence of dry heat
- When first emitted from the body
When First Emitted From the Body
Wearing protective clothing and exercising Universal Precautations while removing the deceased from the place of death (more than one answer):
- Provides an effective barrier to portals of entry
- Eliminates the virulence of pathogens
- Reduces the number of microorganisms present
- Is required by OSHA’s bloodborne pathogen rule
Both Provides an effective barrier to portals of entry and is required by OSHA’s bloodborne pathogen rule.
