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MORS 200 > Chemistry Compend- True or False > Flashcards

Chemistry Compend- True or False Flashcards

1
Q

Embalming fluid is a compound.

A

False

Mixture

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2
Q

Normal body temperature is considered to be 37 degrees C, or 98 degrees F.

A

True

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3
Q

The rate of diffusion is increased by a decrease in temperature.

A

False

Increased by an increase in temperature

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4
Q

Hydrolysis is the process by which water splits compounds and introduces its own constituents.

A

True

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5
Q

The partial oxidation of aldehydes yields alcohols.

A

False

Partial oxidation of methanol produces formaldehyde

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6
Q

Commercial formalin is a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde.

A

False

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7
Q

Ammonia reacts chemically with formaldehyde.

A

True

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8
Q

Methanal is a colorless gas with an irritating odor.

A

True

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9
Q

A solution which is hypotonic to the blood will cause red blood cells to swell and burst.

A

True

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10
Q

Enzymes are destroyed by heat.

A

True

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11
Q

The substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts.

A

True

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12
Q

The amino acids do not coagulate when treated with protein coagulating agents.

A

False

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13
Q

Proteins as well as amino acids are amphoteric.

A

True

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14
Q

The presence of glycerine in embalming fluids increases their ability to diffuse.

A

True

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15
Q

Glycerol is used in embalming fluid primarily for its dehydrating action.

A

False (It is used for the opposite)

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16
Q

In a solution, the substance which exists in the greater amount is called the solute.

A

False (Solvent)

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17
Q

Ammonia is one of the gases produced from the decomposition of proteins.

A

True

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18
Q

Lactic acid is important to the embalmer because it is involved in the onset of rigor mortis.

A

True

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19
Q

Methanal hardens proteins.

A

True

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20
Q

The characteristic firming action of formaldehyde is inhibited as the proteins decompose.

A

True

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21
Q

Formalin is an example of a solution.

A

True

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22
Q

Solutions that have the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic.

A

True

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23
Q

Glycerol acts as a preservative in embalming fluids.

A

False (It is a humectant)

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24
Q

Wood alcohol inhibits the polymerization of formaldehyde.

A

True

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25
Q

Saponification refers to the action of an alkali on a fat.

A

True

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26
Q

Autolysis is the digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes.

A

True

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27
Q

Water is used as the solvent in embalming fluids.

A

True

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28
Q

Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluids to reduce the surface tension.

A

False (Anticoagulant)

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29
Q

Formalin is a compound.

A

False

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30
Q

Hot formaldehyde solutions give off formaldehyde gas more readily than cold solutions.

A

True

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31
Q

Methanal is a synonymous name for formaldehyde.

A

True

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32
Q

Formaldehyde is polymerized on heating to form paraform or paraformaldehyde.

A

True

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33
Q

Formaldehyde is toxic to living tissues.

A

True

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34
Q

Formaldehyde may be neutralized by ammonia.

A

True

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35
Q

Formaldehyde is readily oxidized by formic acid.

A

True

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36
Q

Proteins are characterized as being very large complex molecules.

A

True

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37
Q

Ponceau is used in embalming chemicals as a dye.

A

True

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38
Q

The formaldehyde index is best defined as the number of grams of methanal, the solute, per 100 ml of solution.

A

True

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39
Q

Sorbitol is used in arterial fluid as a modifying agent.

A

True

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40
Q

During life, the normal pH of most body fluids is slightly acidic.

A

False

Slightly basic

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41
Q

After death, the pH of the blood of the body undergoes a change.

A

True

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42
Q

Borax is used in embalming fluids to mask the odor of formaldehyde.

A

False

Buffer

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43
Q

Sodium lauryl sulfate is an example of a surface active agent.

A

True

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44
Q

A heterogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution.

A

False

Homogenous mixture of two or more substances is a solution

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45
Q

In a solution the substance which exists in the smaller amount is called the solvent.

A

False

Solute

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46
Q

A dilute solution contains a relatively small amount of solvent.

A

False

Relatively small amount of solute

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47
Q

A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute.

A

True

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48
Q

A supersaturated solution exists when the conditions of temperature and pressure are other than ordinary and there is more solute dissolved than the solvent will hold under normal conditions.

A

True

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49
Q

An unsaturated solution is one with less solute than the solvent is capable of holding under ordinary conditions.

A

True

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50
Q

A solution with equal amounts of solvent and solute is called an isotonic solution.

A

False

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51
Q

Alcohol can be used as a solvent in embalming fluid solutions.

A

True

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52
Q

A hypotonic solution will have a lower osmotic pressure than the solution to which it is compared.

A

True

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53
Q

A hypertonic solution will have a higher osmotic pressure than the solution to which it is compared.

A

True

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54
Q

A blood cell, placed in a solution isotonic to its contents, will swell and burst.

A

False

Remain the same

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55
Q

A blood cell, placed in a solution hypertonic to its contents, will show no change in its size or condition.

A

False

Shrivel

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56
Q

A blood cell, placed in a solution hypotonic to its contents, will lose moisture and shrivel.

A

False

Swell and burst

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57
Q

There can be no more than one solute in a solution.

A

False

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58
Q

Solubility is a term relating to the ability of a solute to enter into a particular solvent to create a solution.

A

True

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59
Q

The solubility of a solid solute is usually increased by an increase of the temperature of the solvent.

A

True

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60
Q

Atmospheric pressure variations on the surface of the solvent will not affect the solubility of a gas.

A

False

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61
Q

Non-metallic elements or radicals usually have a negative valence.

A

True

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62
Q

Metallic elements or radicals usually have a positive valence.

A

True

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63
Q

A solution containing all the solute in it is capable of holding under ordinary conditions is called super-saturated.

A

False

Saturated

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64
Q

Metallic elements usually combine chemically by giving up an electron or electrons from its outer orbital ring.

A

True

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65
Q

The valance electrons of both metallic and non-metallic substances are usually found in the nucleus of the atom.

A

False

Outer Ring

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66
Q

Water containing metallic ions such as calcium, magnesium, or iron is called hard water.

A

True

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67
Q

Bicarbonate hardness is called permanent hardness and may be softened by boiling.

A

False

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68
Q

The release of ions from a substance in solution is ionization.

A

True

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69
Q

A positively charged ion is called an anion.

A

False

cation

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70
Q

A negatively charged ion is called a cation.

A

False

anion

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71
Q

In electrolysis the anions are drawn to the positive pole.

A

True

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72
Q

In electrolysis the cations are drawn to the negative pole.

A

True

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73
Q

A substance which, in solution, releases both positively and negatively charged ions is classified as an electrolyte.

A

True

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74
Q

The numerical range of the pH scale is 0 to 14.

A

True

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75
Q

The pH system is a method of measuring the H ion concentration of a substance in solution.

A

True

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76
Q

A neutral reading on the pH scale is between 7.3 and 7.4.

A

False

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77
Q

The pH scale reading for normal blood is 7.0.

A

False

7.35-7.45 slightly basic

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78
Q

Readings on the pH scale from 0 to 6.9 designate acids.

A

True

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79
Q

Readings on the pH scale of 7.1 to 14 designate bases.

A

True

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80
Q

Blue litmus paper placed in a base solution would show no significant color change.

A

True

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81
Q

Red litmus paper placed in a solution and showing a color change from red to blue would indicate an acid.

A

False

Base

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82
Q

The most abundant compound on earth is water.

A

True

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83
Q

When the water of crystallization is removed from a crystalline substance, the resulting substance is called anhydrous.

A

True

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84
Q

Substances which attract an absorb moisture from the air are called hygroscopic substances.

A

True

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85
Q

Acids, bases, and salts are not good electrolytes because they ionize.

A

False

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86
Q

An acid is a chemical combination of hydrogen and a metallic element.

A

False

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87
Q

Electrolytes conduct an electric current.

A

True

88
Q

Colloidal particles are smaller than crystalloids.

A

False

Larger

89
Q

An example of a suspension is clay and water.

A

True

90
Q

A hypertonic solution is one with a lower concentration.

A

False

Higher concentration

91
Q

The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.

A

True

92
Q

A solution which has water as its solvent is an aqueous solution.

A

True

93
Q

A solution appears to be composed of only one substance.

A

True

94
Q

The solvent is the substance which causes the solute to be dissolved.

A

True

95
Q

The main constituent of an acid is oxygen.

A

False

96
Q

Acids and bases which undergo the neutralization process form salt and water.

A

True

97
Q

Strong acids ionize poorly.

A

False

98
Q

Hydrogen is contained in all acids.

A

True

99
Q

Bases ionize into hydroxyl ions.

A

True

100
Q

Bases contain the hydrogen ion or proton.

A

False

101
Q

Hydrogen plus certain non-metals will yield an acid.

A

True

102
Q

Salts are compounds which have a metal as the positive ion and a non-metal or radical as the negative ion.

A

True

103
Q

A saturated solution is one in which the solvent has dissolved as much solute as is possible at that temperature and pressure.

A

True

104
Q

Formalin is 37% by volume and 40% by weight formaldehyde gas dissolved in water.

A

False

40% by volume and 37% by weight

105
Q

The secondary dilution of embalming fluid takes place when the solution mixes with the blood and tissue fluids.

A

True

106
Q

Passage of embalming fluid from the large arteries to the small arteries is known as fluid diffusion.

A

False

Fluid Distribution

107
Q

Circulation of embalming fluid through the arteries and capillaries is known as fluid distribution.

A

True

108
Q

Secondary dilution of the embalming solution is one of the problems presented by an edematous case.

A

True

109
Q

Sugar and water form a true solution.

A

True

110
Q

The change of a gas or vapor into a liquid is known as condensation.

A

True

111
Q

Viscosity means the resistance of a liquid to flow.

A

True

112
Q

The process of the separation of crystalloids from colloids is known as ossification.

A

True

113
Q

Passing from the solid to gaseous state, directly, is referred to as ossification.

A

False

Sublimation

114
Q

Crystalloid particles are smaller than colloids.

A

True

115
Q

A solution which has alcohol as its solvent is known as a tincture solution.

A

True

116
Q

A solution containing a large amount of solute is said to be dilute.

A

False

Small amount of solute

117
Q

Reduction is the loss of electrons by an atom with an increase in positive valance.

A

False

Gaining of electrons by an atom

118
Q

Water is considered the universal solvent.

A

True

119
Q

The composition of water by volume is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.

A

True

120
Q

Water containing calcium or magnesium salts in solution is called soft water.

A

False

Hard Water

121
Q

Crystalloid solutions are known as “True Solutions.”

A

True

122
Q

Putrefaction is a type of decomposition of dead organic matter under aerobic conditions.

A

False

Anaerobic Conditions

123
Q

The oxygen involved in decay is free atmospheric oxygen.

A

True

124
Q

Tissue gas is caused by gas producing bacteria.

A

True

125
Q

Ptomaine is a very poisonous, organic, base-like substance containing nitrogen.

A

True

126
Q

Preservative chemicals inactivate microorganisms.

A

True

127
Q

HCHO will not firm or gel protein.

A

False

128
Q

HCHO will coagulate protein substances.

A

True

129
Q

HCHO is used as a disinfectant and preservative.

A

True

130
Q

Phenolic compounds and alcohols are used in arterial fluids as preservatives and tissue fixatives.

A

True

131
Q

Germicides are agents capable of destroying bacteria.

A

True

132
Q

Humectants are dehydrating agents.

A

False

Retain moisture

133
Q

Lanolin and glycerol act as buffers.

A

False

Humectants

134
Q

Buffers are used to control the pH and toxicity of the body tissues.

A

True

135
Q

Sodium citrate and EDTA will soften water.

A

True

136
Q

Surfactants are used as wetting agents to increase surface tension and reduce penetration.

A

False

Decreases surface tension and increases penetration

137
Q

Modifying agents used to break up clots and prevent further clotting are known as anticoagulants.

A

True

138
Q

The dyes used to restore a natural and life-like appearance are non-staining dyes.

A

False

Active Dyes

139
Q

Benzaldehyde is known as oil of wintergreen.

A

False

Smells like almonds

140
Q

Co-injection fluids are used with arterial fluids in solution.

A

True

141
Q

Jaundice fluids contain reducing agents, bleaching agents, and counter-staining compounds.

A

True

142
Q

The penetration power of hardening compounds is high.

A

False

143
Q

Heat will cause HCHO gas to be liberated more readily.

A

True

144
Q

Light will bleach out the cosmetic effect of embalming fluids.

A

True

145
Q

Most embalming fluids contain buffers to control the pH within them.

A

True

146
Q

The meaning of the word oxygen is acid former.

A

True

147
Q

Hydrogen is an inactive element.

A

False

148
Q

The action of certain metals on water will produce hydrogen.

A

True

149
Q

The oxidation of iron will form an oxide called rust.

A

True

150
Q

Halogen means water former.

A

False

Hydrogen means water former

151
Q

The valence of the Halogen family is -1.

A

True

152
Q

Oxygen and hydrogen in the free state exist in their molecular form as 02 and H2.

A

True

Diatomic elements

153
Q

A halide contains at least one halogen in a salt compound.

A

True

154
Q

Temporary hard water can be softened by boiling.

A

True

155
Q

Na2O is an oxide.

A

True

156
Q

The main constituent of an acid is hydrogen.

A

True

157
Q

Acids + bases react to produce a salt + water.

A

True

158
Q

H2SO4, sulfuric acid, is a common ternary acid.

A

True

159
Q

Formaldehyde is a powerful germicide and disinfectant.

A

True

160
Q

The line formula for methanal is CH30H

A

False

HCHO

161
Q

When a primary alcohol is oxidized, an aldehyde is formed.

A

True

162
Q

Glycerol is a complex alcohol.

A

True

163
Q

Ethyl alcohol is also known as grain alcohol.

A

True

164
Q

Another name for formaldehyde is methanol.

A

False

Methanal

165
Q

Secondary alcohols have two OH groups.

A

False
(A secondary alcohol is one in which there is an OH group that is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it).

166
Q

The saturated hydrocarbons are compounds containing a single covalent bond between adjacent carbon atoms.

A

True

167
Q

Alkyl halides are formed by the replacement of 1 or more hydrogen atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbons with a halogen.

A

True

168
Q

All alkanes are saturated.

A

True

169
Q

Alkenes are alkynes are unsaturated aliphatic compounds.

A

True

170
Q

All monosaccharides can be represented by the formula C12H22O11

A

False

C6H12O6

171
Q

Any carbohydrate that contains an aldehyde group is classified as a ketose.

A

False

Aldose

172
Q

The carbohydrate in the blood is in the form of glucose.

A

True

173
Q

The oxidation of carbohydrates is normally the main source of body energy.

A

True

174
Q

Proteins contain the elements C, H, O, N, and sometimes S and P.

A

True

175
Q

Fats are composed of amino acids.

A

False

Fatty acids

176
Q

Proteins are components of all living matter.

A

True

177
Q

Proteins are amphoteric.

A

True

Reacts to both a base and an acid

178
Q

As a group, amines are toxic.

A

True

179
Q

When amines are dissolved in water, they become acidic.

A

False

Basic

180
Q

The first member of the amine compounds is ethyl amine.

A

False

Methane

181
Q

The general formula for amines is RNH2.`

A

True

182
Q

Ethyl ether is important since it can be used as a general anesthetic.

A

True

183
Q

The ethers are many times referred to as the organic oxides.

A

True

184
Q

An ester may be produced by the interaction of an alcohol with a base.

A

False

Alcohol and acids with a catalyst

185
Q

Esters as a class have an unpleasant odor.

A

False

186
Q

The general formula for esters is RCOOH.

A

False

RCOOR

187
Q

Methanoic acid is an example of an organic acid.

A

True

188
Q

Ethers are responsible for giving many flowers and fruits their characteristic odors.

A

False

Esters

189
Q

Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid.

A

True

190
Q

Organic acids as a class are weak acids.

A

True

191
Q

The line formula for formic acid is CH3COOH.

A

False

HCOOH

192
Q

The functional group of the organic acids is known as the carbonyl group.

A

False

Carboxyl group

193
Q

Acetone is the first member of the ketone series.

A

True

194
Q

Ketones are made from the oxidation of a secondary alcohol.

A

True

195
Q

Acetaldehyde is prepared by the oxidation of methyl alcohol.

A

False

Formaldehyde

196
Q

Formaldehyde has a marked tendency to polymerize.

A

True

197
Q

Acetone is a good organic solvent.

A

True

198
Q

Monosaccharides are represented by the molecular formula C6H12O6.

A

True

199
Q

The action of enzymes can be altered by heat.

A

True

200
Q

Glycine is an amino acid.

A

True

201
Q

Sucrose is a monosaccharide.

A

False

Disaccharide

202
Q

Salivary amylase or pytalin is a carbohydrate-splitting enzyme.

A

True

203
Q

Amino acids do not coagulate when treated with protein coagulating agents.

A

False

204
Q

Glycogen is an example of a disaccharide.

A

False

Polysaccharide

205
Q

Hemoglobin is an example of a carbohydrate.

A

False

Protein

206
Q

Fats are amphoteric.

A

False

207
Q

Glucose is an example of a disaccharide.

A

False

Monosaccharide

208
Q

Toxicology is that science which deals with poisons, their action on the body and the treatment of their effects.

A

True

209
Q

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more mutually insoluble substances.

A

True

210
Q

Fats have a lower specific gravity than water.

A

True

211
Q

Ptomaines are basic compounds formed during the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter.

A

True

212
Q

Imbibition is the ability of colloidal substances to absorb water.

A

True

213
Q

To form proteins, many amino acids are linked together by peptide linkages.

A

True

214
Q

Since the amino acids contain the NH2 group, they exhibit only basic properties.

A

False

215
Q

Fermentation is the decomposition of carbohydrates brought about by the action of enzymes.

A

True

MORS 200 (112 decks)

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