Chemistry Compend- True or False Flashcards
Embalming fluid is a compound.
False
Mixture
Normal body temperature is considered to be 37 degrees C, or 98 degrees F.
True
The rate of diffusion is increased by a decrease in temperature.
False
Increased by an increase in temperature
Hydrolysis is the process by which water splits compounds and introduces its own constituents.
True
The partial oxidation of aldehydes yields alcohols.
False
Partial oxidation of methanol produces formaldehyde
Commercial formalin is a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde.
False
Ammonia reacts chemically with formaldehyde.
True
Methanal is a colorless gas with an irritating odor.
True
A solution which is hypotonic to the blood will cause red blood cells to swell and burst.
True
Enzymes are destroyed by heat.
True
The substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts.
True
The amino acids do not coagulate when treated with protein coagulating agents.
False
Proteins as well as amino acids are amphoteric.
True
The presence of glycerine in embalming fluids increases their ability to diffuse.
True
Glycerol is used in embalming fluid primarily for its dehydrating action.
False (It is used for the opposite)
In a solution, the substance which exists in the greater amount is called the solute.
False (Solvent)
Ammonia is one of the gases produced from the decomposition of proteins.
True
Lactic acid is important to the embalmer because it is involved in the onset of rigor mortis.
True
Methanal hardens proteins.
True
The characteristic firming action of formaldehyde is inhibited as the proteins decompose.
True
Formalin is an example of a solution.
True
Solutions that have the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic.
True
Glycerol acts as a preservative in embalming fluids.
False (It is a humectant)
Wood alcohol inhibits the polymerization of formaldehyde.
True
Saponification refers to the action of an alkali on a fat.
True
Autolysis is the digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes.
True
Water is used as the solvent in embalming fluids.
True
Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluids to reduce the surface tension.
False (Anticoagulant)
Formalin is a compound.
False
Hot formaldehyde solutions give off formaldehyde gas more readily than cold solutions.
True
Methanal is a synonymous name for formaldehyde.
True
Formaldehyde is polymerized on heating to form paraform or paraformaldehyde.
True
Formaldehyde is toxic to living tissues.
True
Formaldehyde may be neutralized by ammonia.
True
Formaldehyde is readily oxidized by formic acid.
True
Proteins are characterized as being very large complex molecules.
True
Ponceau is used in embalming chemicals as a dye.
True
The formaldehyde index is best defined as the number of grams of methanal, the solute, per 100 ml of solution.
True
Sorbitol is used in arterial fluid as a modifying agent.
True
During life, the normal pH of most body fluids is slightly acidic.
False
Slightly basic
After death, the pH of the blood of the body undergoes a change.
True
Borax is used in embalming fluids to mask the odor of formaldehyde.
False
Buffer
Sodium lauryl sulfate is an example of a surface active agent.
True
A heterogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution.
False
Homogenous mixture of two or more substances is a solution
In a solution the substance which exists in the smaller amount is called the solvent.
False
Solute
A dilute solution contains a relatively small amount of solvent.
False
Relatively small amount of solute
A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute.
True
A supersaturated solution exists when the conditions of temperature and pressure are other than ordinary and there is more solute dissolved than the solvent will hold under normal conditions.
True
An unsaturated solution is one with less solute than the solvent is capable of holding under ordinary conditions.
True
A solution with equal amounts of solvent and solute is called an isotonic solution.
False
Alcohol can be used as a solvent in embalming fluid solutions.
True
A hypotonic solution will have a lower osmotic pressure than the solution to which it is compared.
True
A hypertonic solution will have a higher osmotic pressure than the solution to which it is compared.
True
A blood cell, placed in a solution isotonic to its contents, will swell and burst.
False
Remain the same
A blood cell, placed in a solution hypertonic to its contents, will show no change in its size or condition.
False
Shrivel
A blood cell, placed in a solution hypotonic to its contents, will lose moisture and shrivel.
False
Swell and burst
There can be no more than one solute in a solution.
False
Solubility is a term relating to the ability of a solute to enter into a particular solvent to create a solution.
True
The solubility of a solid solute is usually increased by an increase of the temperature of the solvent.
True
Atmospheric pressure variations on the surface of the solvent will not affect the solubility of a gas.
False
Non-metallic elements or radicals usually have a negative valence.
True
Metallic elements or radicals usually have a positive valence.
True
A solution containing all the solute in it is capable of holding under ordinary conditions is called super-saturated.
False
Saturated
Metallic elements usually combine chemically by giving up an electron or electrons from its outer orbital ring.
True
The valance electrons of both metallic and non-metallic substances are usually found in the nucleus of the atom.
False
Outer Ring
Water containing metallic ions such as calcium, magnesium, or iron is called hard water.
True
Bicarbonate hardness is called permanent hardness and may be softened by boiling.
False
The release of ions from a substance in solution is ionization.
True
A positively charged ion is called an anion.
False
cation
A negatively charged ion is called a cation.
False
anion
In electrolysis the anions are drawn to the positive pole.
True
In electrolysis the cations are drawn to the negative pole.
True
A substance which, in solution, releases both positively and negatively charged ions is classified as an electrolyte.
True
The numerical range of the pH scale is 0 to 14.
True
The pH system is a method of measuring the H ion concentration of a substance in solution.
True
A neutral reading on the pH scale is between 7.3 and 7.4.
False
The pH scale reading for normal blood is 7.0.
False
7.35-7.45 slightly basic
Readings on the pH scale from 0 to 6.9 designate acids.
True
Readings on the pH scale of 7.1 to 14 designate bases.
True
Blue litmus paper placed in a base solution would show no significant color change.
True
Red litmus paper placed in a solution and showing a color change from red to blue would indicate an acid.
False
Base
The most abundant compound on earth is water.
True
When the water of crystallization is removed from a crystalline substance, the resulting substance is called anhydrous.
True
Substances which attract an absorb moisture from the air are called hygroscopic substances.
True
Acids, bases, and salts are not good electrolytes because they ionize.
False
An acid is a chemical combination of hydrogen and a metallic element.
False
Electrolytes conduct an electric current.
True
Colloidal particles are smaller than crystalloids.
False
Larger
An example of a suspension is clay and water.
True
A hypertonic solution is one with a lower concentration.
False
Higher concentration
The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
True
A solution which has water as its solvent is an aqueous solution.
True
A solution appears to be composed of only one substance.
True
The solvent is the substance which causes the solute to be dissolved.
True
The main constituent of an acid is oxygen.
False
Acids and bases which undergo the neutralization process form salt and water.
True
Strong acids ionize poorly.
False
Hydrogen is contained in all acids.
True
Bases ionize into hydroxyl ions.
True
Bases contain the hydrogen ion or proton.
False
Hydrogen plus certain non-metals will yield an acid.
True
Salts are compounds which have a metal as the positive ion and a non-metal or radical as the negative ion.
True
A saturated solution is one in which the solvent has dissolved as much solute as is possible at that temperature and pressure.
True
Formalin is 37% by volume and 40% by weight formaldehyde gas dissolved in water.
False
40% by volume and 37% by weight
The secondary dilution of embalming fluid takes place when the solution mixes with the blood and tissue fluids.
True
Passage of embalming fluid from the large arteries to the small arteries is known as fluid diffusion.
False
Fluid Distribution
Circulation of embalming fluid through the arteries and capillaries is known as fluid distribution.
True
Secondary dilution of the embalming solution is one of the problems presented by an edematous case.
True
Sugar and water form a true solution.
True
The change of a gas or vapor into a liquid is known as condensation.
True
Viscosity means the resistance of a liquid to flow.
True
The process of the separation of crystalloids from colloids is known as ossification.
True
Passing from the solid to gaseous state, directly, is referred to as ossification.
False
Sublimation
Crystalloid particles are smaller than colloids.
True
A solution which has alcohol as its solvent is known as a tincture solution.
True
A solution containing a large amount of solute is said to be dilute.
False
Small amount of solute
Reduction is the loss of electrons by an atom with an increase in positive valance.
False
Gaining of electrons by an atom
Water is considered the universal solvent.
True
The composition of water by volume is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.
True
Water containing calcium or magnesium salts in solution is called soft water.
False
Hard Water
Crystalloid solutions are known as “True Solutions.”
True
Putrefaction is a type of decomposition of dead organic matter under aerobic conditions.
False
Anaerobic Conditions
The oxygen involved in decay is free atmospheric oxygen.
True
Tissue gas is caused by gas producing bacteria.
True
Ptomaine is a very poisonous, organic, base-like substance containing nitrogen.
True
Preservative chemicals inactivate microorganisms.
True
HCHO will not firm or gel protein.
False
HCHO will coagulate protein substances.
True
HCHO is used as a disinfectant and preservative.
True
Phenolic compounds and alcohols are used in arterial fluids as preservatives and tissue fixatives.
True
Germicides are agents capable of destroying bacteria.
True
Humectants are dehydrating agents.
False
Retain moisture
Lanolin and glycerol act as buffers.
False
Humectants
Buffers are used to control the pH and toxicity of the body tissues.
True
Sodium citrate and EDTA will soften water.
True
Surfactants are used as wetting agents to increase surface tension and reduce penetration.
False
Decreases surface tension and increases penetration
Modifying agents used to break up clots and prevent further clotting are known as anticoagulants.
True
The dyes used to restore a natural and life-like appearance are non-staining dyes.
False
Active Dyes
Benzaldehyde is known as oil of wintergreen.
False
Smells like almonds
Co-injection fluids are used with arterial fluids in solution.
True
Jaundice fluids contain reducing agents, bleaching agents, and counter-staining compounds.
True
The penetration power of hardening compounds is high.
False
Heat will cause HCHO gas to be liberated more readily.
True
Light will bleach out the cosmetic effect of embalming fluids.
True
Most embalming fluids contain buffers to control the pH within them.
True
The meaning of the word oxygen is acid former.
True
Hydrogen is an inactive element.
False
The action of certain metals on water will produce hydrogen.
True
The oxidation of iron will form an oxide called rust.
True
Halogen means water former.
False
Hydrogen means water former
The valence of the Halogen family is -1.
True
Oxygen and hydrogen in the free state exist in their molecular form as 02 and H2.
True
Diatomic elements
A halide contains at least one halogen in a salt compound.
True
Temporary hard water can be softened by boiling.
True
Na2O is an oxide.
True
The main constituent of an acid is hydrogen.
True
Acids + bases react to produce a salt + water.
True
H2SO4, sulfuric acid, is a common ternary acid.
True
Formaldehyde is a powerful germicide and disinfectant.
True
The line formula for methanal is CH30H
False
HCHO
When a primary alcohol is oxidized, an aldehyde is formed.
True
Glycerol is a complex alcohol.
True
Ethyl alcohol is also known as grain alcohol.
True
Another name for formaldehyde is methanol.
False
Methanal
Secondary alcohols have two OH groups.
False
(A secondary alcohol is one in which there is an OH group that is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it).
The saturated hydrocarbons are compounds containing a single covalent bond between adjacent carbon atoms.
True
Alkyl halides are formed by the replacement of 1 or more hydrogen atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbons with a halogen.
True
All alkanes are saturated.
True
Alkenes are alkynes are unsaturated aliphatic compounds.
True
All monosaccharides can be represented by the formula C12H22O11
False
C6H12O6
Any carbohydrate that contains an aldehyde group is classified as a ketose.
False
Aldose
The carbohydrate in the blood is in the form of glucose.
True
The oxidation of carbohydrates is normally the main source of body energy.
True
Proteins contain the elements C, H, O, N, and sometimes S and P.
True
Fats are composed of amino acids.
False
Fatty acids
Proteins are components of all living matter.
True
Proteins are amphoteric.
True
Reacts to both a base and an acid
As a group, amines are toxic.
True
When amines are dissolved in water, they become acidic.
False
Basic
The first member of the amine compounds is ethyl amine.
False
Methane
The general formula for amines is RNH2.`
True
Ethyl ether is important since it can be used as a general anesthetic.
True
The ethers are many times referred to as the organic oxides.
True
An ester may be produced by the interaction of an alcohol with a base.
False
Alcohol and acids with a catalyst
Esters as a class have an unpleasant odor.
False
The general formula for esters is RCOOH.
False
RCOOR
Methanoic acid is an example of an organic acid.
True
Ethers are responsible for giving many flowers and fruits their characteristic odors.
False
Esters
Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid.
True
Organic acids as a class are weak acids.
True
The line formula for formic acid is CH3COOH.
False
HCOOH
The functional group of the organic acids is known as the carbonyl group.
False
Carboxyl group
Acetone is the first member of the ketone series.
True
Ketones are made from the oxidation of a secondary alcohol.
True
Acetaldehyde is prepared by the oxidation of methyl alcohol.
False
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde has a marked tendency to polymerize.
True
Acetone is a good organic solvent.
True
Monosaccharides are represented by the molecular formula C6H12O6.
True
The action of enzymes can be altered by heat.
True
Glycine is an amino acid.
True
Sucrose is a monosaccharide.
False
Disaccharide
Salivary amylase or pytalin is a carbohydrate-splitting enzyme.
True
Amino acids do not coagulate when treated with protein coagulating agents.
False
Glycogen is an example of a disaccharide.
False
Polysaccharide
Hemoglobin is an example of a carbohydrate.
False
Protein
Fats are amphoteric.
False
Glucose is an example of a disaccharide.
False
Monosaccharide
Toxicology is that science which deals with poisons, their action on the body and the treatment of their effects.
True
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more mutually insoluble substances.
True
Fats have a lower specific gravity than water.
True
Ptomaines are basic compounds formed during the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter.
True
Imbibition is the ability of colloidal substances to absorb water.
True
To form proteins, many amino acids are linked together by peptide linkages.
True
Since the amino acids contain the NH2 group, they exhibit only basic properties.
False
Fermentation is the decomposition of carbohydrates brought about by the action of enzymes.
True
