Microbiology Compend- True or False Flashcards
Pneumococci are encapsulated when existing in vegetative form.
True
Lobar pneumonia may be prevented by vaccination with killed cultures of the organisms that cause the disease.
False
Gonococci can live for long periods of time outside the body of the host.
False
Skin abscesses are infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
True
The organisms responsible for tularemia may enter the body through the broken or unbroken skin.
True
Tetanus is an infection that may be transmitted by droplet spray.
False
The disease epidemic meningitis is caused by a member of the same genus as the causative agent for the disease gonorrhea.
True
Most people are carriers of the disease lobar pneumonia at some time during the year.
True
Gonorrhea is an example of an infection that may be either acute or chronic.
True
Scarlet fever and rheumatic fever are caused by the same organism.
True
Infections caused by Salmonella enteritidis may be be transmitted by either direct or indirect contact.
False
The etiological agents for the disease tuberculosis are capable of forming endospores.
False
The disease anthrax is caused by a spore-forming bacillus.
True
Gonorrhea and ophthalmia neonatorum are diseases caused by the same organism.
True
Asiatic cholera is a disease caused by an organism named Vibrio cholerae.
True
Myobacterium tuberculosis are encapsulated bacteria.
False
Naturally acquired active immunity is established by having had a case of the disease.
True
Bacteria and their products are the only substances that stimulate the body cells of the host to produce antibodies.
False
A foreign protein which, when introduced into the body excites the body to produce antibodies, is called an immune serum.
False
All vaccines are antigenic.
True
Active immunity resulting from the transmission of antibodies through the placenta is a form of natural immunity.
True
The control of enteric infections depends primarily on the prevention of contamination of food and water.
True
Active immunization to tetanus can be produced by the inoculation of an immune serum.
False
Puncture wounds are in danger of producing gas gangrene because they provide anaerobic conditions and dead tissue for the growth of the organisms that cause the infection.
True
Tetanus and gas gangrene are considered to be non-communicable infections.
True
Botulism is a form of food intoxication.
True
Clostridium perfringens produces a powerful exotoxin.
True
The most common type of plague is the pneumonic variety.
False
Syphilis may be transmitted through the placenta to the unborn child.
True
Gonorrhea may be transmitted through the placenta to the unborn child.
False
Direct contact is the most common mode of transmission for enteric infections.
False
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent for boils.
True
The organism causing tuberculosis may live in dried sputum for a considerable length of time.
True
Any foreign protein can act as an antigen in the host.
True
An antiserum is a blood serum that contains antigens.
False
Passive immunization is used as a prophylactic measure in regard to a specific infection.
True
Antibacterial serums neutralize exotoxins.
False
Agglutinins are specific types of antibodies.
True
Precipitins are a specific type of antigen.
False
Precipitins are specific types of antibodies.
True
Naturally acquired passive immunity is established by actually having had the disease for which the immunity is specific.
False
Naturally acquired active immunity is established by actually having had the disease for which the immunity is specific.
True
Young infants show a passive immunity to such diseases as measles, chickenpox, and diphtheria due to a transfer of immune bodies from the blood of the mother to the unborn child through the placenta.
True
Toxoids are used for the treatment of infectious diseases.
False
A highly developed state of resistance to a specific disease is called virulence.
False
Lack of resistance to a specific disease is called susceptibility.
True
Puerperal fever is an infection that occurs only in females.
True
Scarlet fever may be transmitted by contaminated milk.
True
A case of any infectious disease produces an immunity to that disease.
False
All cases of pneumonia are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
False
Gonorrhea may be prevented by the injection of a vaccine for the disease.
False
Susceptibility is the reverse of immunity.
True
The “Humoral Immunity Theory” involves the formation of antibodies in the blood.
True
Agglutinins are antibodies that cause organisms to adhere to each other and form clumps.
True
The immunity resulting from the use of antibodies is more permanent than that resulting from the use of vaccines.
False
A vaccine establishes passive immunity.
False
An antitoxin establishes passive immunity.
True
Antibacterial serums neutralize exotoxins.
False
An antibody is a substance which when introduced into the body causes the body to produce antigens.
False
An antigen is a substance which when introduced into the body causes the body to produce antibodies.
True
The important phagocytic cells contained in the blood are leucocytes, particularly the neutrophils.
True
Opsonins are substances in the blood that dissolve bacteria.
False
An antiserum serves as a means of defense against a disease if it contains antibodies specific for that disease.
True
Coagulases are chemical substances produced by pathogenic agents which prevent blood from clotting.
False
Allergy is the natural or spontaneous form of hypersensitivity.
True
Normal human blood contains agglutinins.
True
The autoclave utilizes steam under pressure.
True
Antibodies which act on bacteria or other foreign substances in such a manner as to render them more easily ingested by phagocytes are called opsonins.
True
Scarlet fever may be transmitted by mosquitos.
False
The genus Staphylococcus contains both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species.
True
All members of the genus Neisseria are pathogenic to humans.
False
Some streptococci are capable of forming endospores.
False
Streptococcus pyogenes may be the causative agent for scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, gonorrhea, and puerperal fever.
False
The disease diphtheria may be prevented by producing an artificially acquired active immunity to the disease.
True
Tuberculosis may be transmitted by contaminated fomites.
True
All members of the genus Clostridium are capable of forming endospores.
True
Gonorrhea may be transmitted by contaminated fomites.
False
Influenza is caused by a bacillus.
False
Epidemic typhus is spread from person to person by the body louse.
True
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by a rickettsia.
True
The viruses causing acute infections of the respiratory tract are known as dermatropic viruses.
False
Viruses whose characteristic lesions appear on the skin are known as penumotropic viruses.
False
Rabies is caused by a neurotropic virus.
True
Varicella is another name for smallpox.
False (Chickenpox)
Smallpox, if still a threat to man, could be transmitted from person to person by droplet infection.
True
Rubella is another name for smallpox.
False
It is believed that the virus of rubeola enters the body by the mouth and nose.
True
German measles is known as rubeola.
False
Variola is another name for smallpox.
True
Common colds may be transmitted by droplet spray.
True
Rabies is caused by a penumotropic virus
False
Poliomyelitis is caused by a neurotropic virus.
True
Epidemic parotitis is another name for mumps.
True
Viral nucleic acid is composed of both RNA and DNA.
False
Protozoa are morphologically unicellular organisms and are the lowest form of plant life.
False
Amoebiasis is a protozoan infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
True
The malarial parasite is a protozoan organism which belongs to the genus Plasmodium.
True
Malaria is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.
True
The science that studies fungi is named Mycology.
True
Molds and yeasts are forms of procaryotes.
False
Molds are nearly spherical in shape and reproduce by budding.
False
Yeasts possess both sexual and asexual means for reproduction.
False
The organism causing athlete’s foot is a yeast.
False
Fungus diseases called dermatomycoses are usually systemic and fatal to the host.
False
Thrush is another name for Candida infection of the oral cavity.
True
Epidemic parotitis is caused by a Chlamydia.
False
Rickettsia is a facultative parasite, therefore it may be grown on artificial media.
False
Lymphogranuloma venereum is a venereal disease caused by Chlamydia.
True
Typhus fever diseases are caused by rickettsia and are transmitted by the mosquito.
True
Spotted fever diseases are caused by rickettsia and are transmitted by the mosquito.
False
Carriers are important in the spread of malaria.
True
Amoebic dysentery is most often spread by contaminated food and water.
True
The dermatropic virus diseases usually enter the body via the skin.
False
Viruses reproduce by a process called binary fission.
False
Infectious mononucleosis is a disease caused by a virus.
True
The flagellates (protozoa) move by means of pseudopodia (false feet).
False
Pathogenic protozoan parasites are microscopic in size.
True
There is only one form to the disease poliomyelitis.
False
Intermittent chills and fever are apparent in malaria.
True
Recovery from rabies is usually rapid.
False
Viruses are good antigens.
True
Infection with 3 day (Rubella) Measles can cause birth defects in the first three months of pregnancy.
True
Living skin may be sterilized.
False
Disinfection refers to the killing of all microorganisms present.
False
Sterilization kills only pathogenic microbes.
False
An antiseptic is bactericidal in its action.
False
Direct sunlight is considered to be bactericidal.
True
A viricide kills yeasts and molds.
False
Bacteriostasis implies retardation of bacterial growth and reproduction.
True
A fumigant is a liquid used for disinfection.
False
Sedimentation is a chemical means of destroying microbes.
False
Dry heat is more practical than moist heat for sterilization.
False
Steam under pressure is the most efficient and most widely applicable means of sterilization.
True
Boiling kills most vegetative bacteria in 5-10 minutes.
True
Boiling kills most bacterial spores in 5-10 minutes.
False
Boiling is about as efficient as free-flowing steam.
True
Cold temperatures are primarily bactericidial in their action.
False
The autoclave utilize free-flowing steam.
False
At sea level, boiling occurs at 100 degrees Centigrade.
True
The autoclave is usually operated at a temperature of about 100 degrees Centigrade.
False
Phenol is not destructive in living tissues.
False
The concentration of a disinfectant has no effect on its efficiency.
False
An increase in temperature generally causes an increase in efficiency of a disinfectant.
True
A good disinfectant should be chemically stable.
True
Carbolic acid is used in standardization of disinfectants.
True
Bichloride of mercury is a good chemical disinfectant for instruments.
False
Lysol is classified as a cresol
True
Phenol is corrosive to metal instruments.
False
Hexachlorophene is a quaternary ammonium compound.
False
Zephiran chloride is highly toxic to living tissues.
False
Hexachlorophene is not retarded in its action by combining with soaps.
True
Ethylene oxide is normally used as a liquid chemical disinfectant.
False
A communicable disease is always infectious.
True
An infectious disease is always communicable.
False
The pathogen is the organism upon which the host lives.
False
Opportunists never cause endogenous infections.
False
An organism is said to be attenuated if its virulence is increased.
False
Exotoxins are released during the life of the bacterial cells producing them.
True
Hyaluronidase is a bacterial product capable of dissolving “cell cement”.
True
Leucocidin is a bacterial product that attacks red blood cells.
False
A passive carrier exhibits symptoms for the disease being transmitted.
False
Congenital disease transmission results in transmission of a disease from the fetus to the mother.
False
Droplet spray disease transmission is classified as a direct mode of disease transmission.
True
Instruments may act as fomites.
True
Fomites are animate objects which act in disease transmission.
False
Mosquitos usually transmit disease as biological vectors.
True
Mechanical vectors transmit disease directly from host to host.
False
Congenital disease transmission occurs through the placenta.
True
The intact skin is not an effective barrier to most pathogens.
False
The term virulence is defined as the ability of the pathogen to overcome the defensive powers of the host.
True
Chronic infections usually have a swift onset and a severe course.
False
A focal infection usually remains confined to a particular part of a body.
False
Communicable infections can only be transmitted directly from host to host.
False
A primary infection is one which occurs in an individual who already has an infection of another type.
False
Bacteremia is a condition in which bacteria are found multiplying in the blood.
False
Bacteremia is the same as bacteriostasis.
False
Virulence is defined as the ability of the host to overcome the defensive powers of the pathogen.
False
Pandemic diseases are confined to a single community.
False
An epidemic disease may spread to become pandemic.
True
An endemic disease is always present to a degree within a community.
True
Sporadic diseases occur only as occasional cases within a community.
True
Inflammation is a pathological disease process.
False
Antibodies are substances which, when introduced into the body, stimulate the body to produce specific antigens.
False
Attenuation implies an increase in virulence.
False
All bacteria contain an organized nucleus.
False
The flagella of bacteria functions to produce motility.
True
Putrefaction is the organic decomposition of carbohydrates with the formation of water and carbon dioxide.
False
The study of molds is mycology.
True
Rickettsiology is the study of the “true fungi.”
False
That division of microbiology that studies one-celled true plants is protozoology.
False
Molds and bacteria are unicellular microorganisms.
False
The micrometer is equal to approximately 1/1000 of a millimeter.
True
A visible mass of bacteria growing on a solid surface is a colony.
True
Organisms that grow in the presence of free oxygen is known as aerobes.
True
Moisture is necessary for bacterial growth.
True
Those bacteria in which endospores are forming are known as sporulating bacteria.
True
The temperature at which a species of bacteria grows best is its maximum temperature.
False
Thermophilic bacteria grow best at low temperatures.
False
A facultative parasite must obtain its nourishment from living organic matter.
False
A facultative aerobe can live as an anaerobe, but prefers living as an aerobe.
False
An endoenzyme is produced inside the cell and then is retained within the cell.
True
All saprophytic bacteria are heterotrophic.
True
Sarcinae are bacteria that exist in packets of four.
False
Most pathogenic bacteria grown best in acidic pH.
False
An association of two bacteria that is advantageous to one and does not injure the other is commensalism.
True
Synergism is an association of two organisms with a result that neither species could produce by itself.
True
Symbiosis is an association of two organisms that is mutually advantageous to them both.
True
All spirilla, spirochetes, and vibrio are gram-negative.
True
The hanging drop preparation is used in the examination of unstained microorganisms.
True
Spore forming bacilli are gram positive.
True
In an acid fast stain, those organisms that are gram negative would be red in color.
False
The minimum temperature for a species corresponds to the average temperature of its usual habitat.
False
Bacteria that parasitize the human body grow optimally at 37 degrees F.
False
A colony containing only one kind of bacteria is known as a mixed culture.
False
Saprophytic bacteria that produce infection only under especially favorable conditions are known as opportunists.
True
Some types of bacilli are able to form a number of endospores within a single parent cell.
False
A spore that is found near the end of the bacterial cell is called subterminal.
True
Direct sunlight acts as a germicidial agent.
True
A limited number of spirilla, spirochetes, and vibrio are capable of forming spores.
False
Endospores are easily stained using simple staining methods.
False
Bacteria that exhibit flagella are termed atrichous.
False
Those bacteria in which endospores are not found are called vegetative bacteria.
True
An enzyme that is retained within the living cell is called an endoenzyme.
True
Most non-pathogenic bacteria grow best in an alkaline pH.
False
That division of biology that studies protozoa is mycololy.
False
A spore that is formed near but not at the end of a bacilli is classified as a terminal spore.
False
Those bacteria that exhibit flagella are termed flagellates.
True
