Chemistry Vocabulary Flashcards
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water (aqueous) solution.
Acid (Arrhenius)
Self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes.
Autolysis
The same as one thousandth of a liter.
Milliliter
The resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
Viscosity
Standard unit of volume in the metric system.
Liter
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared.
Isotonic Solution
The reaction between a fat and a stong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap).
Saponification
The symbol for the element Zinc.
Zn
The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.
Putrefaction
A formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol (R) denoting a radical.
General Formulas
An aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached.
Alkyl Halide
A physical property of matter (solid, liquid, or gas); condition of the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.
State of Matter
An inorganic salt used to maintain the acid-base balance.
Sodium Phosphate
The symbol for the element Bromine.
Br
A type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high molecular-weight alcohols (not glycerol).
Wax
Anthing that occupies space and has mass.
Matter
A monovalent radical of the general formula CnH2n+1 formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen atom.
Alkyl Group
The prefix for 1/1,000,000th.
Micro
Chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture.
Humectants
The possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same number of atoms of each element, but in different arrangement.
Isomerism
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.
Adipocere (Gravewax)
Substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution.
Buffers
A carbohydrate formed by the linking of two monosaccharide units.
Disaccharide
A mixture of alkybenzydimethylammonium chlorides. It and several very similar mixtures are used in the embalming labratory in solutions for sterilization of instruments.
Benzalkonium Chloride
A bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid.
Peptide Bond
A number used to represent the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared in a chemical change.
Oxidation Number
The ability of a system or material to do work.
Energy
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
Hypotonic Solution
Any organic compound with the general formula ROR1, where R and R1 are hydrocarbon groups, formed by the dehydration between two alcohols.
Ether
Water hardness that cannot be removed by boiling. The addition of chemicals must be used. Caused by the chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Permanent Hardness of Water
A combination of symbols used to express the chemical composition of a substance.
Formula
The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration with then two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent.
Osmosis
A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water; a reaction between a salt and water to yield an acid and a base of unequal strengths.
Hydrolysis
A modifying agent, this is a thick liquid often added to embalming fluids. Its purpose is to increase the solubility of various compounds, to delay the firming action of formaldehyde and to serve as a humectant.
Glycerol (Glycerin)
Any class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms, the carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain.
Ketone
The measure of how well two substances mix.
Solubility
The physical change from a liquid into a gas.
Vaporization
The prefix for ten.
Deka
A solution containing less of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent.
Unsaturated Solution
A group of atoms that acts as a unit and possesses a charge.
Polyatomic Ion
Conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid form as a result of a physical or chemical change.
Liquefaction
Energy that is stored.
Potential Energy
The symbol for the element Nitrogen.
N
A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms ad the linkage of every atom.
Structural Formula
A chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen.
Carbonyl Group
The predecessor of chemistry, with its roots in Egypt. The Greeks named Egypt Kemi, because of the rich black soil.
Alchemy
The symbol for the element Arsenic.
As
A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon-carbon multiple bonds; formally called the paraffin series.
Alkane
A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton. It is normally found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
A ratio of densities with water as the standard.
Specific Gravity
The symbol for the element Calcium.
Ca
A decrease in oxidation number; a gain of electrons; a combination of a substance with hydrogen.
Reduction
The condition of water which results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Hardness of Water
A sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO).
Aldose
Means by which heat and cold are expressed; means to measure how hot or cold a substance is.
Temperature Scale
The symbol for the element Tin.
Sn
The existence of an element in two or more distinct forms.
Allotropism
A hydrocarbon containing a double bond.
Alkene
The bass SI unit of temperature equal to 1/273.15 the absolute temperature of the triple point of water.
Kelvin
A sample of matter with uniform composition.
Homogeneous
A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.
Alkyne
The temperature scale defined so that the freezing point of water is 0o and its boiling point is 100o at 1 atmosphere of pressure.
Celsius Temperature (oC)
The removal of water from a substance.
Dehydration (Desiccation)
The symbol for the element Silver.
Ag
All embalming fluids will contain some of this since it is so closely associated with the manufacture of formalin. Some fluids contain extra amounts because it stabilizes formalin and because it is both a solvent and a germicide.
Methanol (Methyl Alcohol, Wood Alcohol)
A positively charged atom or group of atoms.
Cation
Fluids whose purpose is to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility.
Pre-Injection Fluids
The total amount of formaldehyde which protein will combine with to be completely preserved.
Formaldehyde Demand
A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, without indicating how they are linked.
Molecular Formula
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons.
Secondary Alcohols
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.
Diffusion
A substance that donates a proton.
Acid (Bronsted-Lowry)
A six carbon sugar molecule.
Hexose
A five-carbon sugar.
Pentose
The symbol for the element Iron.
Fe
A simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means.
Element
The fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes.
Embalming Fluids
A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydroxy alcohol.
Examples:
- Sugars
- Starches
- Glycogen
Carbohydrate
The symbol for the element Chlorine.
Cl
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but undergoes no net change itself during the reaction.
Catalyst
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon.
Primary Alcohol
A chemical bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
Covalent Bond
An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups. The general formula is RCHO where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.
Aldehyde
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.
Solution
The symbol for the element Magnesium.
Mg
Those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of bodies that have been autopsied.
Autopsy Chemicals
That branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing copounds.
Organic Chemistry
A state of matter which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another. No definite shape or volume and assume the shape and volume of their container.
Gas
Liquids that serve as solvents for the numerous ingredients incorporated into embalming fluids.
Vehicles
A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid. It is noted for its ability to dehydrate tissue.
Ethanol
The concentrated, preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming.
Arterial Fluid
A charactertistic that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition.
Chemical Properties
The smallest dose of a poison (or radiation) on recor that produces death.
Minimum Lethal Dose (MLD)
An example of a wetting agent (surfactant) added to embalming fluids to increase penetrability.
Sodium Laurel Sulfate
The same as one millionth of a meter.
Micrometer
The process by which a substance is given a definite form.
Crystallization
That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.
Biochemistry
In any chemical or physical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed but merely transformed from one form to another.
Law of Conservation of Energy
The prefix for 1/100th.
Centi
A compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize.
Hydrate
Used to keep the blood in the liquid state; chemicals that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural postmortem processes and/or prevent any other adverse reactions from occurring between the blood and the other embalming chemicals.
Anticoagulants
Any compound containing a resonance stabilized ring such as benzene or toluene.
Aromatic
The process of converting soluble protein into insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemica such as an alcohol or an aldehyde.
Coagulation
A polyhydric alcohol that is used as a modifying agent as well as for its humectant qualities.
Sorbitol
A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound and that imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound.
Functional Group
A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass.
Mixture
An inorganic salt added to embalming fluid to help preserve the acid-base balance, to keep blood from clotting, and in some instances, for hypertonic effect.
Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salts)
A univalent radical and the functional group of the basic compounds in inorganic chemistry and the alcohols in organic chemistry.
Hydroxyl-(The Hydroxyl Group)- OH
An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen that has one or more double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
A substance that accepts a pair of electrons.
Acid (Lewis)
The building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group, and a radical.
Amino Acid
The standard metric unit for length.
Meter
The study of chemical post-mortem changes, the composition of embalming fluids, and the interactions between each.
Embalming Chemistry
The conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form.
Solidification
A solution-like system in which the size of solute particles is between 1 and 100 nanometers. Partices of solute pass through filters but not membranes.
Colloid
An iron-containing protein molecule occurring in red blood cells of vertebrates.
Hemoglobin
A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas.
Sublimation
The quantity of matter present in an object.
Mass
A hydrocarbon which contains only single bonds.
Saturated Hydrocarbon
An atomic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge.
Ion
An alcohol having three hydroxyl groups. I.e. glycerol.
Trihdroxy Alcohol
The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties.
Periodic Table
The prefix for 100
Hecto
The material upon which an enzyme works.
Substrate
The symbol for the element Flourine.
F
Natural or synthetic matter that is used to impart color to another material.
Dye
A compound that can act as both an acid and a base.
Amphoteric
Pertaining to any number of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, those having straight or branch chain structures.
Aliphatic
Chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the arterial fluid to be used.
Modifying Agent
A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute.
Concentrated Solution
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
Enzyme
A group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; most are applied to the body surface.
Accessory Chemicals
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a liquid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids.
Oil
A polymer made by linking together a number of simple sugar molecules. Starches and celluose are examples.
Polysaccharide
Type of lipid that is formed by the reaction of three fatty acid molecules and glycerol.
Triacylglycerol (Trigycerides, Neutral Fats)
The condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume.
Solid
The suffix that refers to an aldehyde.
-al
A chemical reaction in which an element or radical in one compound exchanges places with another element or radical in another compound.
Metathesis Reaction
Concerned with the composition of a particular kind of matter, the forces holding its parts together, and its observable properties.
Nature of Matter
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer.
Polymerization
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids.
Fat
The simplest form of a carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose. They cannot be hydrolized to a smaller carbohydrate molecule.
Monosaccharide
The study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death.
Thanatochemistry
A solution in which water is the solvent.
Aqueous Solution
The symbol for the element Gold.
Au
One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed.
Chemical Change
The symbol for the element Copper.
Cu
The symbol for the element Oxygen.
O
The measure of the gravitational pull on an object.
Weight
An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbon
The symbol for the element Aluminum.
Al
A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid.
Vapor
An aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant. It penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration.
Phenol
A change in the form or state of matter without a change in chemical composition, which include color, odor, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point.
Physical Properties
The gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
Decay
The same as one tenth of a meter.
Decimeter
An element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat. Tend to form positive ions.
Metal
A change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid.
Freezing
An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (-COOH).
Carboxylic Acid (Organic Acid)
The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources.
Imbibition
The force per unit area exerted on a material.
Pressure
A change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
A negatively charged atom or group of atoms.
Anion
A calcium sulfate often found in hardening compound as a filler that promotes hardening.
Plaster of Paris
A reaction in which a single free element replaces or is substituted for one of the elements in a compound.
A+BC ———–> B+AC
Single Replacement Reaction
Supplemental fluids may be separate fluids or ones enhancing arterial fluids by the addition of special chemicals such as humectants.
Restorative Fluids
An animal starch made by forming chains of alpha glucose molecules.
Glycogen
The prefix for 1,000.
Kilo
A chemical reaction that releases or gives off heat.
Exothermic Reaction
Those alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group.
Polyhydroxyl Alcohol
An alcohol with only one hydroxyl group.
Monohydroxy Alcohol
A simple sugar (monosaccharide) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6
Glucose
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an un pleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one. Formerly called reodorants.
Deodorants
A compound with the general formula RCOOR1 (where R is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen, and R1 is a hydrocarbon group). It is formed from an alcohol and organic (or carboxylic) acid by removal of water (dehydration).
Ester
The nitrate ions are converted by bacteria to nitrite ions which react with hemoglobin to form nitrous-hemoglobin giving the skin a reddish color.
Potassium Nitrate (also Sodium Nitrate)
A sugar whose functional groups are hydroxyl (-OH) groups and a ketone (C=O) group.
Ketose
A solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure.
Saturated Solution
Formula used to conserve space over a structural formula.
Line Formula
Components of embalming solutions used in inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids; to inhibit decomposition; to kill microorganisms; destroy odors and to eliminate their futher formation; and to inactivate enzymes.
Preservatives
The injection taking place after the initial, primary, or first injection.
Secondary Injection
A lipid whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids, an alcohol, and other substances.
Compound Lipid
The removal of an amino (-NH2) group from a compound.
Deamination
The prefix for one million.
Mega
Any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water.
Salt
Often used as a water conditioner and for its anti-coagulant action in arterial fluids.
Sodium Citrate
The symbol for the element Lead.
Pb
Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water.
Formalin
Additional germicides added to embalming fluids.
Supplementary Germicides
A subatomic particle with negative electrical charge and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton. Found outside the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
An expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons.
Type Formula
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through semi-permeable membrane. The size of the solute particles is less than one nanometer.
True Solution
A mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particle is greater than 100 nanometers. Particles of solute do not pass through filters or membranes.
Suspension
A biological compound that is a polymer of many amino acids.
Protein
The tendency of a body to resist change in motion.
Inertia
The symbol for the element Helium.
He
A compound whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols.
Simple Lipid
In any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created nor destroyed but merely changed in form.
Law of Conservation of Mass
The symbol for the element Radium.
Ra
A chemical reaction that absorbs or requires heat from its surroundings.
Endothermic Reaction
The symbol for the element Mercury.
Hg
The symbol for the element Iodine.
I
The disruption and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by head or chemicals.
Denaturation
A very dense, small, positively charged center of an atom that contains most of the mass of the atom in the form of protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets.
Emulsion
The same as a milliliter.
Cubic Centimeter
A substance that donates a pair of electrons.
Base (Lewis)
A combination of chemical symbols and formulas used as a shorthand way to represent the reactants and products in a chemical change.
Chemical Equation
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance.
Molecule
The reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
Neutralization
A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative mass number of 1 and an electrical charge of +1.
Proton
A red dye derived from the action of bromine on fluorescein. It is very commonly used in arterial fluids.
Eosin
The rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light.
Combustion
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The general formula for a monohydroxy is R-OH where R is a hydrocarbon group.
Alcohol
The act of mixing two insoluble liquids.
Emulsification
A compound consisting of oxygen combined wiht ony one other element.
Oxide
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml of solution. Usually refers to a percentage. I.e. 25= 25%
Index
The suffix that refers to an alcohol.
ol
The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, with the changes that matter undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes.
Chemistry
Energy of a body by virtue of its motion.
Kinetic Energy
A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount.
Solute
Having the quality of being easily converted at a relatively low temperature from the liquid to the gaseous state.
Volatile
An organic compound containing nitrogen; any of a group of compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary is R-NH2*
Amine
Can be removed by boiling and is due to the presence of the bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Temporary Hardness of Water
Concentrated embalming chemicals that are injected into the cavities of the body following aspiration in cavity embalming. These fluids can also be used for surface and hypodermic embalming of the problem areas.
Cavity Fluids
The process of dissolving.
Solvation
Abbreviation for an element.
Symbol
A preservative found in emblaming fluid. Unlike formaldehyde, this contains two aldehyde groups on every molecule. For this reason, it is called a dialdehyde. Combines with proteins in such a way to make them very resistant to attack by bacteria. It also inhibits the enzymes which cause autolysis. It is used in several arterial and cavity fluids. Unlike formaldehyde, this is a liquid. (Note: it was one of the three disinfectants used on Apollo XI when it returned from the moon).
Glutaraldehyde
The neutralization product of formaldehyde and ammonia.
Urotropin (Methenamine, C6H12N4)
The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.
Surface Tension
Characteristics by which substances may be identified.
Properties
The prefix for 1/1,000th.
Milli
A substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely.
Liquid
The symbol for the element Sodium.
Na
Surface-active agents that are usually used for disinfection of skin, oral, and nasal cavities and instruments.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QUADS)
The symbol for the element Potassium.
K
The symbol for the element Hydrogen.
H
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
Hypertonic Solution
1,000 grams. The basic unit of mass in the metric system.
Kilogram
A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution.
Precipitate
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
Base (Arrhenius)
A substance that accepts a proton.
Base (Bronsted-Lowry)
The dissociation of a substance in solution into ions.
Ionization
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is in turn attached to three other carbons.
Teritiary Alcohol
The same as one hundreth of a meter.
Centimeter
A polymer of formaldehyde and exists as a solid. It is almost pure formaldehyde. It is insoluble, so it cannot be used in embalming fluids. It is most commonly used in powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and emblaming powder.
Paraformaldehyde
Any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl group (C=O) for hydrogen, or from an acid by replacing the -OH group by an amino group (-NH2).
Amide
A chemical compound similar to an alcohol, in which the oxygen of the hydroxyl group is replaced by a sulfur atom (-SH).
Thioalcohol (Mercaptan)
A method for expressing low concentrations; 1 is equavalent to 1 milligram per liter.
Parts Per Million (ppm)
The measure of hydrogen ion concentation of a solution.
pH
A poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic (poisonous) to humans.
Toxin
The removal of a carboxyl (-COOH) group from a compound.
Decarboxylation
A very mild antiseptic added to embalming fluid. It helps regulate the acid-base balance.
Boric Acid
A charged entity consisting of only a single atom.
Monatomic Ion
The ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.
Concentration
The prefix for 1/10th
Deci
The rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor tate by forming bubbles.
Boiling
An ion composed of two atoms.
Diatomic Ion
An organic compound containing two aldehydes (-CHO) radicals.
Dialdehyde
An alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups.
Dihydroxy Alcohol
The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
Density
Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures.
Surfactants
(Surface Tension Reducers, Wetting Agents, Penetrating Agents)
A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount.
Solvent
A solution containing relatively small amount of solute.
Dilute Solution
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree C at 15 degrees C.
Calorie (Small c)
The change of state from a solid to a liquid.
Melting
Used to maintain the acid-base balance. Carbonates reduce graying action for formaldehyde action.
Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Chloride
A preservative found in embalming fluid. It is also a disinfectant. It reacts with proteins, causing them to become firm and more resistant to bacteria. Inhibits autolytic enzymes. It is a gas at room temperature.
Formaldehyde
A large molecule made by linking together a number of monomers, or basic chemical units.
Polymer
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass.
Compound
The combination of a substance with oxygen; an increase in oxidation number, a loss of electrons.
Oxidation
The microbial (enzymatic) decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions.
Fermentation
That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry
The amount of a poison (or radiation) that will kill 50% of the group to which it has been administered.
Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
Any element which is not a metal. Tend to form negative ions.
Nonmetal
An alkaline compound often found in arterial fluids to minimize graying action of formaldehyde yet will not deactivate it. It also inhibits blood clotting.
Sodium Tetra Borate (Borax)
Consisting of or composed of dissimilar elements of components, not having a uniform quality throughout.
Heterogeneous
Any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body.
Poison
The symbol for the element Cadmium.
Cd
A Greek word that means an infusion which literally means “poured into”.
Chemia
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.
Atom
