Anatomy Vocabulary J-O Flashcards
The portion of the small intestine, about eight feet in length, between the duodenum and the ileum.
Jejunum
The point of juncture between two bones. Usually formed of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage.
Joints
Lips.
Labia
The vertical furrows of each lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips; acquired facial markings.
Labial Sulci (Furrows of Age)
The junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which may appear as a furrow; a natural facial marking.
Labiomental Sulcus
Pertaining to tears.
Lacrimal
Space or cavity; for example ____ in bone contain bone cells.
Lacuna
Comprised of first the ascending colon, second the transverse colon, third the descending colon and finally the sigmoid colon.
Large Intestine
The organ of voice production; the upper part of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea.
Larynx
Of or toward the side; opposite of medial.
Lateral
Specialized blood cells to fight off infection.
Leukocytes
A muscle of facial expression which elevates the angle of the mouth.
Levator Anguli Oris
A muscle of facial expression which elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril opening; the common elevator.
Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi
A muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip.
Levator Labii Superioris
A muscle of facial expression which raises the upper eyelid.
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure.
Linear Guide
Eyelid furrows which are short and broken, extending horizontally on the palpebrae themselves and which may fan from both the medial and lateral corners of the eyes.
Linear Sulci
The largest gland in the body; secretes bile and is of great importance in protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Liver (Hepatic System)
Well-defined parts of an organ separated by boundaries. The fatty inferior one-third of the ear.
Lobe
Pertaining to the lower back, between the ribs and the hip bone.
Lumbar
Passageway or space within a tubular structure such as an opening of a vein, artery, or intestine.
Lumen
Cone-shaped organs, large enough to fill the pleural portion of the thoracic cavity completely. The left is partially divided by fissures into two lobes, upper and lower, and the right into three lobes, superior, middle and inferior. The heart is medial in relation to these organs.
Lungs
The clear fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels.
Lymph
Bean-shaped lymphoid organ that filters and cleanses the lymph.
Lymph Node
Organ system consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and the lymphoid organs and tissues; drains excess tissue fluid and fights disease.
Lymphatic System
General term used to designate lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatics
A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues.
Lysin
A membrane-bound, sac-like cytoplasmic organelle that contains a wide variety of digestive enzymes.
Lysosome
Life-threatening; pertains to neoplasms such as cancer that spread and lead to death.
Malignant
The breasts.
Mammary Glands
The horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.
Mandible
The depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits.
Mandibular Fossa
The general phagocytic cells of the body, capable of engulfing and digesting a wide variety of foreign cells, particles, and molecules; present throughout the connective tissues of the body and especially abundant in lymphoid tissues of the immune system.
Macrophages
Handle; upper part of the sternum.
Manubrium
A boundary such as the edge of a structure of the anatomy.
Margin
Muscles of mastication which close the mandible sometimes called the chewing muscle.
Masseter Muscles
The rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear.
Mastoid Process
Chewing.
Mastication
A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit.
Maxilla
Superior jaw protrudes.
Maxillary Prognathism
A tube-shaped passage or opening; example, the external auditory meatus.
Meatus
Of or toward the middle; opposite of lateral.
Medial
In the midline of the body.
Medial (Midsagittal)
Middle section of the thorax, that is, between the two lungs.
Mediastinum
Latin for marrow; hence the inner portion of an organ in contracts to the outer portion or cortex.
Medulla
Inferior part of the brain stem.
Medulla Oblongata
Dark pigment formed by cells called melanocytes; imparts color to the skin and hair.
Melanin
Sheet or thin layer.
Membrane
T and B lymphocytes that provide for immunologic memory (acquired, long-term immunity from diseases).
Memory Cells
Protective coverings around the brain and spinal cord, from external to internal, they are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
Meninges
Inflammation of the meninges.
Meningitis
A triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible.
Mental Eminence
Elevates and protrudes the inferior lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin.
Metalis Muscle
Fold of peritoneum that attaches to intestine tot he posterior abdominal wall.
Mesentery
Situated in the middle, median.
Mesial
Energy expanded by the body per unit time.
Metabolic Rate
Sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in the cells of the body.
Metabolism
The spread of cancer from one body part or organ to another not directly connected to it.
Metastasis
Refers to the study with the aid of a microscope.
Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)
Region of the brain stem that lies between the diencephalon and the pons.
Midbrain
Cellular “power plants” which produce energy.
Mitochondria
Division of the nucleus during the typical process of cell division, during which the chromosomes are distributed to the two daughter nuclei.
Mitosis
The study of the shape and structure of living organisms.
Morphology
A sticky, viscous fluid that covers many internal surfaces in the body; it consists of the protein mucin and a large amount of water.
Mucus
Moist membranes that line all tubular organs and body cavities that open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts).
Mucous Membranes
Pectoralis Major, External Intercostals, Internal Intercostals, and Diaphragm
Muscles of the Thorax
Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi.
Muscles of the Back
Fatty insulating sheath that surrounds all but the thinnest nerve fibers; formed of the plasma membrane of supporting cells wrapped in concentric layers around the nerve fiber.
Myelin Sheath
Condition characterized by dead tissue areas in the myocardium of the heart; caused by interruption of blood supply to the area.
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
The study of the muscular system.
Myology
The nostrils.
Nares
Directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.
Nasal Bones
Space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity.
Nasal Cavity
The sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.
Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
The angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold; a natural facial marking.
Nasal Sulcus
The eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth; extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth; a natural facial marking.
Nasolabial Fold
The furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth; an acquired facial marking.
Nasolabial Sulcus
Depression superior tot he medial portion of the superior palpebrae.
Naso-Orbital Fossa
The dividing wall between the two nasal cavities, formed posteriorly of bone (mainly the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid), anteriorly of cartilage.
Nasal Septum
The branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its diseases.
Neurology
Pertaining to the nape of the neck.
Nuchal
Controls most cellular activities, including reproduction, protein synthesis, and contains genetic materials which determines a persons’ various characteristics.
Nucleus
The shallow, curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids; a natural facial marking.
Oblique Palpebral Sulcus
The lower back of the skull.
Occipital
The prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.
Occipital Protuberance
Draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly and raises the eyebrows.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius)
Back of the head.
Occiput
Elbow.
Olecranon
Pertaining to the sense of smell.
Olfactory
Pertaining to the eyes.
Ophthalmic (Optic, Orbital)
The furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings.
Optic Facial Sulci (Crows Feet)
Concerning the mouth.
Oral
The mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat.
Oral Cavity
Close the eyelids; compresses the lacrimal sacs.
Orbicularis Oculi Muscles
Closes the lips.
Orbicularis Oris Muscle (Kissing Muscle)
The mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure; opening.
Orifice
Small bones; specifically one of the bones of he tympanum or drum of the ear.
Ossicles
Bone formation.
Ossification
Age-related condition (affects many elderly women) in which bones weaken as bone resorption outpaces bone deposition. the weakened bones break easily.
Osteoporosis
Rectus abdominus, external obliques, Internal obliques, transversus, and psoas major.
Muscles of the Abdomen
Deltoid and Teres Major
Muscles of the Shoulder
