Anatomy Vocabulary P-S Flashcards
The palm of the hand.
Palmar
Roof of the Mouth
Palate
One of the bones forming the posterior part of the hard palate and lateral nasal wall between the interior pterygoid place of the sphenoid bone and maxilla.
Palatine Bone
Using one’s fingers to feel deep organs through the skin of the body surface.
Palpation
Eyelids.
Palpebrae
Tadpole-shaped gland posterior to the stomach; produces both exocrine and endocrine secretions; An elongated lobulated organ composed of both exocrine glandular tissue and endocrine glandular tissue. Secretes digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon.
Pancreas
Pertaining to, or forming, the wall of a cavity; pertaining to the ______ bone; of the walls of an organ or cavity.
Parietal
Two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull.
Parietal Bones
Located near the ear.
Parotid
Concerned with studying the structural and functional changes which occur in the body as a result of disease.
Pathological Anatomy
Pertaining to the pubic bone.
Pectineal
Pertaining to the chest or breast.
Pectoral
Inferior region of the body trunk; contains the basin-shaped, bony structure called the bony _____.
Pelvis
Protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the stomach lining.
Pepsin
Double-layered sac that encloses the heart and forms its superficial layer.
Pericardium
Located at, or pertaining to, the periphery (the outer part or surface of a body); occurring away from the center.
Peripheral
Portion of the nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Serous membrane that lines the interior of the abdominal-pelvic cavity and covers the surfaces of the organs in this cavity. It is divided in two special subdivisions which are the mesentery and the greater omentum.
Peritoneum
Infection and inflammation of the peritoneum.
Peritonitis
At right angles to another surface.
Perpendicular
A cluster of lymph nodes embedded in the small intestine.
Peyer’s Patches
A number signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution.
pH (Potential of Hydrogen)
The process by which a cell forms cytoplasmic extensions to engulf foreign particles, cells, or macromolecules and then uses lysosomes to digest these substances.
Phagocytosis
Finger or toe bones.
Phalanges
The throat; the upper expanded portion of the digestive tract between the esophagus below the mouth and nasal cavities above and in front.
Pharynx
Refers to the study of veins in the body.
Phlebology
The vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking.
Philtrum
Pertaining to the diaphragm.
Phrenic
Plays a major role in breathing.
Phrenic Muscle (Diaphragm)
Would be concerned with the study of the function of the body and its parts.
Physiology
Most internal and most delicate of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord.
Pia Mater
A hormone-secreting, golf-club shaped structure that hangs inferiorly from the brain and performs a variety of endocrine functions, such as regulating the gonads, thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, lactation, and water balance.
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
Temporary organ formed from both fetal and maternal tissues that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, carries away fetal waste molecules, and secretes the hormones of pregnancy; she as the afterbirth when labor is over; That structure that serves as the connecting link between the fetus and the mother’s body.
Placenta
Refers to the sole of the foot.
Plantar
Liquid part of the blood.
Plasma
Cell formed from the division of an activated B lymphocyte; secretes antibodies.
Plasma Cell
Thin layer of muscle covering the anterior aspect of the neck. it also pulls the lower lip down and back as in a look of horror.
Platysma Muscle
The transverse, dipping furrow of the neck; acquired facial marking.
Platysmal Sulci
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity in the thorax and covers the external surface of the lung.
Pleura
Referring to the lungs.
Pleural
The part of the brain stem between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata.
Pons
Behind the knee.
Popliteal
Minute depressions in the surface of the skin, as in the openings of the sweat glands.
Pores
Concerning an entrance to an organ, especially that through which the blood is carried to the liver.
Portal
Following after; hence located behind; opposite of anterior. Toward the rear or caudal end.
Posterior (Dorsal)
A projection or outgrowth.
Process
To turn palm downward.
Pronate
Medial rotation of the forearm that causes the palm to face posteriorly.
Pronation
Refers to a body lying horizontally with the face downward.
Prone
A gland, partly muscular and partly glandular, which surrounds the beginning of the male urethra and secretes a milky fluid into the urethra at the time of semen emission.
Prostate Gland
A long chain of amino acids or several linked chains of amino acids; the amino acids chains have bent and folded (and often coiled) to give each of these a distinct shape.
Protein
The state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting.
Protrusion
A part that is prominent beyond a surface, like a knob, an outgrowth, a swelling.
Protuberance
Nearest the point of attachment, center of body, or point or reference, the opposite of distal.
Proximal
The junction of the pubic bones on the midline in front; the bony eminence under the pubic hair.
Pubic Symphysis
Pertaining to the lungs.
Pulmonary
Opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye.
Pupil
A funnel-shaped region of the stomach, just proximal to the pylorus.
Pyloric Region
The aperture between the stomach and the duodenum. The smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum.
Pyloric Sphincter
Branch.
Ramus
A seam in the midline.
Raphe
Automatic response to a stimulus.
Reflex
The study of some particular body region as a separate unit, such as the head, chest, etc.
Regional Anatomy
Pertaining to the kidney.
Renal
Pertaining or employed in reproduction.
Reproductive
Pertaining to respiration.
Respiratory
Relating to those organs and tissues to the air sacs in the lungs involved with the intake of air. The 6 organs in this system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the lungs.
Respiratory System
Neutral tunic of the eyeball; contains the photoreceptor cells for vision.
Retina
A nose which is turned up superiorly at its tip.
Retrousse
Cytoplasmic organelle on which proteins are synthesized.
Ribosome
Valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart.
Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid)
The narrow superficial band of muscle which pulls the angle of the mouth laterally.
Risorius Muscle (Laughing Muscle, False Smiling Muscle)
One of the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye.
Rod Cell
The long, rod-shaped sensory bodies of the retina of the eye responsive to light but not color.
Rods of the Eye
Wrinkles or folds.
Rugae
Pertaining to the sacrum; the region in the midline of the buttocks.
Sacral
Like an arrow; longitudinal.
Sagittal
A vertical plane that divides the body or body part into right and left portions.
Sagittal Plane
Pertaining to, producing, or formed from saliva.
Salivary
The three pairs of glands furnishing the saliva, the parotid, sublingual, and submaxillary.
Salivary Glands
Thus muscle makes up the lateral border of the femoral triangle.
Satorious Muscle
From Greek for hard.
Sclera
Outer fibrous tunic of the eyeball. The white portion of the eye.
Sclera of the Eye
The oily secretion of sebaceous glands.
Sebum
The passage of material formed by a cell to its exterior, cell product that is transported to the exterior of a cell.
Secretion
Valves at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk that prevent blood from returning to the heart ventricles after ventricular contraction.
Semilunar Valves
A wall dividing two cavities.
Septum
Any serous fluid, especially the fluid that moistens the surface of serous membranes; the watery portion of the blood after coagulation; a fluid found when clotted blood is left standing long enough for the clot to shrink.
Serum
A protein found in blood serum.
Serum Albumin
Shaped like a sesame seed; an inconstant number of small, flat, round bones found in various tendons in which considerable pressure develops. Of these, only the patellas are usually counted in the 206 bones of the body. An oval nodule of bone or fibrocartilage in a tendon playing over a bony surface.
Sesamoid Bones
That portion of the large intestine that courses downward below the iliac crest. It is described as an S-shaped curve.
Sigmoid Colon
A cavity or sponge like space within a bone; a dilated channel for venous blood; any cavity having a relatively narrow opening. Example: the frontal.
Sinus
Pertaining to the skeleton.
Skeletal
The 3 parts of this are the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum.
Small Intestine
Pertaining to the region of the body that lies external to the ventral body cavity, including the skin, skeletal muscle, and the skeleton; opposite of visceral.
Somatic
A circular muscle constricting or closing an orifice/aperture.
Sphincter
A sharp projection.
Spinous Process (Spine)
Visceral.
Splanchnic
The vertical surface of the temporal bone.
Squama
Constriction or narrowing.
Stenosis
A muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and superior nuchal line and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle. They function together to flex the head, form the lateral boundaries of the cervical triangle, and widest part of the neck.
Sternocleidomastoideus Muscle
Situated or occurring beneath the skin.
Subcutaneous
Describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible.
Submandibular
The junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow; a natural facial marking.
Submental Sulcus
The inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.
Superciliary Arches
Eyebrows.
Supercilium
Pertaining to or situated near the surface.
Superficial
Higher than; situated above something else; opposite of inferior.
Superior
The furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid; an acquired facial marking.
Superior Palpebral Sulcus
Region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae.
Supraorbital Area
The superior rim of the eye sockets.
Supraorbital Margins
To turn the palm of the hand upward; opposite of pronate.
Supine
Located above the kidney.
Suprarenal
Another name for the adrenal gland.
Suprarenal Gland
Arched ridge just below the eyebrow.
Supraorbital Margin
Relating to a suture (the line of union in any immovable articulation, as those between the skull bones).
Sutural
Correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face.
Symmetry
A line of fusion between two bones that are separate in early development. Greek for growing together; a joint in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage.
Symphysis
Specialized cell junction between two neurons, at which the neurons communicate.
Synapse
Death brought about by a cessation of cardiac activity, or a failure of heart action, one of three modes of death as described by Bichat.
Syncope
The study of individual organs and systems, such as the study of the digestive system, respiratory system, etc.
Systemic Anatomy
Contraction phase of the heart action, or beat.
Systole
Organizations of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body.
Systems
