Anatomy Vocabulary A-B Flashcards
How much blood is in the average adult?
6 Quarts (5.5 Liters)
- Olfactory (odor)
- Optic (Light and color)
- Oculomotor (Vertical and horizontal eye movement)
- Trochlear (Diagonal eye movement)
- Trifacila (Iris of the eye, maxillarym, mandibular, teeth, gums, lips)
- Abducent (Lateral eye movement)
- Facial (Skin of neck, scalp, external and middle ear and taste buds)
- Acoustic (Sound)
- Glossophryngeal (Muscles of tongue)
- Vagus (Sensory and motor nerve of the head, neck and torso)
- Acessory (Muscles of the neck)
- Hypoglossal (Muscle of the tongue)
12 Cranial Nerves
Body area between the diaphragm and pelvis.
Abdomen
To move away from the midline, opposite of adduct.
Abduct
To bluntly adjoin another structure; for example, the line of eye closure.
Abut
This term is applied to a lesser structure that resembles in structure and function of a similar organ, as an example of the accessory pancreatic duct.
Accessory (Auxillary, Assisting)
Organs that contribute to the digestive process but are not part of the alimentary canal, including:
- Tongue
- Teeth
- Salivary glands
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Gallbladder
Accessory Digestive Organs
Cup-like cavity on the lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the femur.
Acetabulum
A contractile protein in cells, especially abundant in muscle cells.
Actin (Ak’tin)
A large, transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the plasma membrane of a nerve axon or muscle cell without diminishing in intensity.
Action Potential
Producing severe symptoms in the short term; rapidly developing.
Acute
The study of glands.
Adenology
A triangular body cover the superior surface of each kidney.
Adrenal Gland
To move toward the midline of the body.
Adduct
This muscle makes up the medial border of the femoral triangle.
Adductor Longus Muscle
This muscle appears at the bottom of the femoral triangle.
Adductor Magnus Muscle
The paryngeal tonsil of the roof of the parynx.
Adenoids
Molecule in cells that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells. Plays a role in rigor mortis.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Fatty.
Adipose
Hormone-secreting gland located superior to the kidney; consists of medulla and cortex areas.
Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
Also known as epinephrine.
Adrenaline
Outer coat of a tube-shaped structure such as blood vessels.
Adventitia (Externa)
Oxygen-requiring
Aerobic
Nerve cell that carries impulses toward the central nervous system.
Afferent Neuron (Sensory Neuron)
The digestive system tube from the mouth to the anus, including:
- mouth or buccal cavity
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small and large intestines.
Alimentary Canal
Overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless substance.
Allergy
A bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.
Alveolar Process
An abnormal protrusion of the Alveolar Process(es).
Alveolar Prognathism
Literally a small cavity; In thelungs these are microscopic saclike dilations of terminal bronchioles.
Alveolus
Organic compounding containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; building blocks of proteins.
Amino Acid
Saclike dilation of a tube or duct.
Ampulla
To cut off a limb; to dismember.
Amputate
Connection between vessels; for example, the Circle of Willis is one of certain cerebral arteries.
Anastomoses
A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known.
Anatomical Guide
Points of origin and points or termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries.
Anatomical Limits
The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body.
Anatomical Position
The structure of an organism; the branch of science dealing with the structure of organisms.
Anatomy
Reduced oxygen-carrying capactiy of the blood; results from too few erythrocytes or from abnormal hemoglobin.
Anemia
Blood-filled saclike dilation of the wall of an artery.
Aneurysm
The study of the circulatory system.
Angiology
The degree from vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects.
Angle of Projection
The small convex prminence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking.
Angulus Oris Eminence
The groove found at each end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking.
Angulus Oris Sulcus
An opening.
Aperature
The depression just in front of the elbow joint.
Antecubital
Before or in front of; refers to the ventral or abdominal side of the body.
Anterior (Ventral)
External openings of the nostrils.
Anterior Nares
A protein molecule that is secreted by a plasma cell (a cell derived from an activated B lymphocyte) and that binds to an antigen in immune responses.
Antibody
A molecule that is recognized as foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or antibodies.
Antigen
The inner rim of the ear.
Antihelix
A small eminence obliquely opposite the Tragus on the superior border of the lobe of the ear.
Antitragus
Cavity. For example, the ____ of Highmore, the space in each maxillary bone, or the maxillary sinus.
Antrum
The main trunk of the systemic arterial system.
Aorta
Pointed end of a conical structure.
Apex
Death brought about by a cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus; one of three modes of death described by Bichat.
Apnea
Flat sheet of white fibrous tissue that serves as a muscle attachment; a tendon.
Aponeurosis
Pertaining to an appendix; pertaining to the limbs.
Appendicular
The bony structure that makes up the shoulder girdle, upper extremities, pelvis, and lower extemities.
Appendicular Skeleton
Includes:
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
Appendicular Skeleton (Upper)
Inclues:
- Os coxa
- Femur
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
Appendicular Skeleton (Lower)
Circular, pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple.
Areola
Vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Arteries
Small arteries whose walls are comprised of smooth muscle and endothelia cells.
Arterioles
Watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye.
Aqueous Humor
Curved, as the beak of an eagle; as view from the profile, a nose which exhibits a “hook” or convexity in its dorsum.
Aquiline
The web-like middle layer of the three meninges.
Arachnoid Mater
A structure which exhibits a curved or bow-like outline.
Arch
The interior margin of the nasal wing which forms a distinct concave arc superiorly.
Arch of the Wing
Containing minute interspaces in a tissue.
Areolar
Hardening of the arteries: any of a number of degenerative changes in the walls of arteries leading to a decrease in their elasticity.
Arteriosclerosis
Minute arteries which muscular walls and about .2mm in diameter; a terminal artery continuous with the capillary network.
Arterioles
The place of union between two or more bones; a joint.
Articulation
The first part of the colon in the right side of the abdomen.
Ascending Colon
Accumulation on serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites
Indicates a weakness of feebleness of any organ or function.
Asthenia
Lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion.
Asymmetry
Changes in the walls of large arteries involving the deposit of lipid plaques; the most common variety of arteriosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occuring in atherosclerosis.
Atheroma
Paired, superiorly located heart chambers that receive blod returning to the heart.
Atria
Chamber or cavity; for example, ______ of each side of the heart.
Atrium
A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue.
Atrohpy
General visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system; innervates smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands.
Autonomic Nervous System
Situated in or pertaining to an axis (a real or imaginary line that runs through the center of a body or about which a point revolves).
Axial
This includes 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones. The bones are skull, hyoid bone, vertebrae, ribs and sternum.
Axial Skeleton
The armpit area.
Axillary
Lymphoctyes that oversee humoral immunity; they devide to generate plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.
B Cells (B Lymphocytes)
Areas of gray matter located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres; regulate certain aspects of movement.
Basal Nuclei (Basal Ganglia)
The arm pit.
Base of the Axillary Space
Established by drawing a lone along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle.
Anterior Boundary (Base of the Axillary Space)
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Posterior Boundary (Base of the Axillary Space)
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall.
Medial Boundary (Base of the Axillary Space)
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm.
Lateral Boundary (Base of the Axillary Space)
The heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)
Relating to, or having two sides.
Bilateral
Disimmilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object.
Bilateral Differences
The bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature.
Bilateral Silhouette
The symmetry of paired organs, of an organism whose right and left halves are mirror images of each other, or in which a median longitudinal section divides the organism into equivalent right and left halves.
Bilateral Symmetry
Greenish fluid secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and relased into the small intestine; helps start the breakdown of fats.
Bile
Pertaining to bile.
Biliary
The organs and ducts that participate in the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile in the duodenum.
Biliary Tract
A reddish-brown (actually yellow) pigment from the result of hemoglobin breakdown.
Bilirubin
A green discoloration resulting from further breakdown of hemoglobin due to high HCHO index and an acid medium.
Biliverdin
Removing a piece of living tissue to examine it under a microscope. Usually done to diagnose a suspected/disease condition.
Biopsy
A membranous sac or receptacle for a secretion.
Bladder
A thin vesicle on the skin containing liquid matter.
Blister
Tissue that circulates through the vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water.
Blood
The pH is slightly alkaline. Base of 7.4
Blood pH
Force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls; differences in this force between different areas of the circulation provide the driving force for blood circulation.
Blood Pressure
The cell type, present throughout life, from which all blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platlets) arise. Present in the bone marrow. It not only gives rise to blood cells, but also to mast cells, osteoclasts, and dendritic cells of the immune system.
Blood Stem Cell (Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cell)
Circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
Blood Vascular System
The horizontal portion of the lower jaw.
Body of the Mandible
Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle.
Boil (Furuncle)
A rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing.
Bolus
Pertaining to the arm.
Brachial
Collectively, the midbrain, pons, and medulla of the brain.
Brain Stem
A raised support; the arched portion of the nose which is supported by the nasal bones; a structure or span connecting two parts of a mutilated bone.
Bridge
Small branch of a bronchus.
Bronchiole
One of the two branches of the trachea.
Bronchus
An injury caused by a blow without laceration.
Bruise (Contusion, Ecchymosis, Suggulation)
Relating to the cheek or mouth.
Buccal
The space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity.
Buccal Cavity
Natural, shallow concavities of the cheeks which extend obliquely downward from the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones.
Buccal Depressions
The principle muscle of the cheek which compress the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth.
Buccinator (Trumpeters Muscle)
The verticle furrow of the cheek; an acquired facial marking.
Bucco-Facial Sulcus
