Lecture 65 - Urogenital Virology Flashcards
alphaherpesvirus disease manifestations
highly lytic infections in epithelium (multi-organ neonate infection) and nervous tissue (encephalitis)
T/F: mammalian neonates are highly susceptible to alpha herpesvirus infection
TRUE
bovine herpesvirus 1
- respiratory disease (red nose)
- conjuctivitis
- genital infection
- abortion
multiorgan neonatal infection
describe abortion in bovine herpesvirus 1
ONLY in antibody negative dams
primary infection, viremia –> placenta –> fetal infection –> abortion
T/F: there are vaccines available for bovine herpesvirus 1 but MLV may cause abortions in pregnant animals
TRUE
Flaviviridae
- yellow fever virus
- RNA virus
- enveloped
what are the 2 disease syndromes of BVDV
- acute = bovine virus D+
- persistent = mucosal disease
what are the 2 viral biotypes of BVDV
- non-cytopathic (normal)
- cytopathic (mutant)
how is BVDV transmitted
vertical and horizontal
describe the 3 manifestations of acute BVDV
- local mucosal infection - nasal/ocular discharge, stomatitis
- leukopenia - immunosuppression, “shipping fever”
- spread to GI epithelium - explosive D+
if a pregnant cow is infected by BVDV before 40 days then…
abortion
if a pregnant cow is infected by BVDV after 125 days then…
survive but have “weak calf syndrome”
what are the two outcomes of infection of pregnant cow by non-cytopathic biotype
<3 months = immune tolerance and persistent infection
> 3 months = viral clearance
describe a persistent infection of BVDV
asymptomatic while shedding virus through mucosal disease (mutation or superinfection of cytopathic)
symptoms of mucosal disease
- fever
- ulceration of intestines and mouth
- D+ w/ blood
- anorexia
- nasal discharge
- death in 1-3 weeks
BVDV control
- ear notch screening
- vaccine
- cull persistently infected
what is border disease
disease of sheep and goats very similar to BVDV resulting in fetal infection < 2 months of gestation (“hairy shaker lamb” syndrome, CNS, abortion)
what are the 3 types of equine herpesvirus
- EHV3 - genital
- EHV4 - respiratory
- EHV1 - abortion, neurologic, multiorgan neonatal infection
what are the clinical manifestations of EHV1
- abortion
- neurologic disease
- multiorgan neonatal infection
what is the most important infectious cause of abortion in equine
EHV1
what is the pathogenesis of EHV1 causing abortion
- virus enters via respiratory tract and spreads to placenta
- exposure due to waning mucosal immunity
- cell-associated viremia = infect lymphocytes and aren’t targeted by immune system allowing placental invasion
what are the clinical manifestations of EHV3
equine coital exanthema virus
genital infection with pustules and ulcers on mucosa that may interfere with breeding
arteriviridae
“arteritis” lesion
RNA virus
causes EAV and PRRSV
what cell types do arteriviridae target
macrophages
how is EAV transmitted
- aerosol
- venereal
what is the pathogenesis of EAV
- macrophages in lungs infected
- spread to lymph nodes
- viremia
- infect endothelial cells
- infect epithelium of seminiferous tubules causing persistent shed in semen
what epithelial surfaces are not readily accessible to the immune system
- glandular epithelium
- pharynx
- kidney renal tubules
- skin
- intestinal epithelium
in absence of inflammation, immune components are restricted to
submucosa
what form of EAV is most infectious
subclinical
what are the symptoms of mild to moderate EAV
- fever
- depression and anorexia
- edema
- nasal and lacrimal discharge
- abortion
How is EAV controlled
- MLV
- programs to vaccinate and test stallions in KY/NY
how is PRRSV transmitted
- aerosol via respiratory secretions
- venereal transmission
- fomites
T/F: PRRSV has a low mutation rate
FALSE
what is the pathogenesis of PRRSV
- lung macrophages infected
- viremia
- persistent in tonsil and lymph node
- spread to other tissues (bulbourethral gland) and persistent shed in semen
PRRSV contributes to
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
PRRSV clinical signs
- subclinical
- fever
- anorexia
- respiratory distress
- pneumonia
- SMEDI
T/F: PRRS is the biggest disease problem for swine in NC and the U.S.
TRUE
how is PRRSV controlled
- inactivated vax (low-cross protection)
- MLV
- receptor knock out pigs
Porcine parvovirus
in utero infections during first half of gestation can cause SMEDI
enzootic but vax decreases occurrence
how is porcine parvovirus transmitted
fecal-oral
how is porcine parvovirus controlled
vaccine before breeding
Pseudorabies virus
eradicated in commercial USA, Canada, UK
endemic to feral populations
what is the natural host of PrV
swine
T/F: survivors of pseudorabies recover without threat to other animals
FALSE - life-long infection and shedding
T/F: Pseudorabies is fatal in accidental hosts
TRUE
T/F: outcome of PrV is dependent on age and immune status
TRUE
young immune pigs infected with PrV have
respiratory disease, low mortality
non-immune young pigs infected with PrV have
multiorgan neonatal infection with neurologic disease and high mortality
epizootic pseudorabies
newly introduced to [non-immune] herd causing abortions and high mortality
enzootic pseudorabies
virus maintained in herd via latent infection causing no disease in adults and low mortality in piglets
porcine circovirus
circular DNA
non-enveloped
environmentally stable
PCV2
worldwide, endemic
associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
causes immunosuppression
inactivated vax available
PCV2 is linked to the manifestation of
reproductive disease
CSFV and ASFV
systemic infection that can cause abortion and reproductive failure
what animals does Japanese Encephalitis Virus infect? how?
horses - neurologic
pigs - neuro and repro
T/F: Japanese Encephalitis Virus is reportable
TRUE
T/F: Japanese Encephalitis Virus is NOT zoonotic
FALSE
why is the emergence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in the U.S. concerning
- presence of mosquito vectors
- susceptible hosts
describe Japanese Encephalitis Virus venereal transmission
- AI practices
- infected boars shed in semen
- JEV spread
where does replication of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus occur
nervous system and lymphoid tissue
if sows are infected by JEV before 60-70 days of gestation what occurs
SMEDI
Canine Herpesvirus manifestations
- respiratory
- genital
- multiorgan neonatal infection
T/F: CHV is temperature-sensitive virus
TRUE
what causes early abortion in dogs
Canine Parvovirus (CPV1)
what causes spontaneous abortion in dogs
Canine Distemper virus
Adenovirus (infectious hepatitis)
what causes abortions in cats
- feline panleukopenia virus
- feline immunodeficiency virus
- feline enteric coronavirus/FIPV
- Feline leukemia virus
- Feline Herpes Virus 1
- Feline Calcivirus
what do avian adenoviruses manifest as
- respiratory disease
- egg drop syndrome (oviduct infection)
infectious bronchitis virus
- hypoplasia and incomplete development of oviduct
- penguin posture (obstruction or. peritonitis)
-ascites
avian urinary disorders are caused by
- HPAIV
- New castle
