Lecture 36 - Strongyloides Flashcards
what are the 3 routes of infection for strongyloides
- skin penetration
- ingestion
- transmammary
T/F: strongyloides show host specificity
TRUE
what is the source of infection of Strongyloides for neonates
lactating females
match the pathology to the route of transmission for Strongyloides
a. skin penetration
b. tracheal migration
c. SI mucosa
- respiratory (bronchopneumonia)
- dermatitis
- intestinal (enteritis, D+)
a = 2
b = 1
c = 3
how are Strongyloides controlled
- treat neonates to decrease environmental contamination
- treat dam near parturition
- general sanitation
describe S. ransomi
- pre-weaned piglets
- “thumps”, scours, signs the 1st week of life
- deworm sow, target adult worms
describe S. westeri
- foals
- enteritis, D+, dermatitis
- deworm mare around foaling and target adult worms
describe S. papillosus
- lambs, kids, calves
- generally commensal, but skin penetration can dispose for foot rot
- deworm with target on adult worms
describe autoinfection of S. stercoralis
- L1 develops to L3s in the host
- infective L3s penetrate into the intestinal wall
- tracheal migration to small intestine
- maintains chronic infection
how are S. stercoralis transmitted
- penetration
- transmammary
how is S. stercoralis diagnosed
- signalment
- Baermann apparatus
T/F: if you are working with a patient with S. stercoralis you should assume zoonosis
TRUE
what is the clinical presentation of S. stercoralis in canines and humans
- acute strongyloidiasis
- chronic (asymp?)
- hyperinfection syndrome in immunocompromised
- disseminated strongyloidasis (overwhelming larval migration; high mortality)
what are the 3 life cycles types of strongyloides spp.
- homogonic
- heterogonic
- parthenogenesis
trichuris spp. are also known as
whipworms
describe the morphology of Trichuris eggs
bipolar plugs with smooth shell
T. vulpis infects ____ while T. suis infects ____
canids; swine
what is the life cycle of T. vulpis and T. suis
- fecal-oral ingestion of infective egg
- eggs hatch in small intestine
- larvae penetrate the mucosa of the small intestine
- juvenile worms return to the lumen of the gut and migrate
- adults in the cecum & colon mature to produce ova
describe the clinical signs of T. vulpis and suis infections based on worm load
few = asymptomatic
many = hemorrhagic cecum and colon
severe = bloody D+, dehydration, death
how is T. vulpis and suis diagnised
Fecal float centrifugation
what are diagnostic clues and control protocol for T. suis
dx: swine are on pasture a lot, signs in post-weaned/growing pigs
tx: dewormer
control: remove from contaminated lots
what are diagnostic clues and control protocol for T. vulpis
dx: dogs on dirt lots/unsanitary kennels, intermittent blood D+, Fecal float, antigen test
tx: remove from contaminated area, deworm every month for 3 months, recheck fecals
T/F: T. vulpis infection can mimic cushing’s disease
FALSE - addison’s
