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2 - Animal Health & Disease > Lecture 4 - Cardio virology 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Cardio virology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the avian oncogenic retroviruses of veterinary importance

A

avian leukosis and sarcoma virus

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2
Q

how many groups of avian leukosis viruses are there

A

7 groups (A through G)

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3
Q

what groups of avian leukosis infect chickens

A

A - E

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4
Q

lymphoid leukosis

A
  • B cells affected
  • metastasize to produce tumors in organs
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5
Q

T/F: avian leukemia virus has a 4-month incubation period

A

TRUE

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6
Q

erythroblastosis

A
  • immature erythrocytes affected
  • gross pathological lesions (cherry red and enlarged)
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7
Q

myeloblastosis/myelocytomatosis

A
  • granulocyte precursor affected
  • similar presentation to erythroblastosis
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8
Q

how is avian leukosis/sarcoma virus transmitted

A
  1. through the egg (vertical)
  2. horizontal
  3. genetic transmission
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9
Q

what animals are most susceptible to lymphoid leukosis

A

congenitally infected
young chicks

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10
Q

Marek’s disease pathogenesis

A
  • transforms T cells
  • sexually immature chickens
  • presents as paralysis and immunosuppression
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11
Q

avian reticuloendotheliosis pathogenesis

A
  • transforms B and T cells
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12
Q

define neurolymphomatosis. what disease does this manifest in?

A

an abnormal accumulation of lymphocytes in the nerves resulting in paralysis

Marek’s disease

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13
Q

summarize the transmission of Marek’s in 4 steps

A
  1. respiratory infection
  2. T cell infection and altered migration pattern
  3. T cell accumulation in nerves and skin
  4. virus shed in infected skin cells
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14
Q

what avian diseases have vaccination control

A
  1. Marek’s disease
  2. IBDV
  3. CAV
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15
Q

describe the pathogenesis of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)

A
  1. 3-6 week-old chicks infected via oral entry
  2. replicates in gut macrophages (enteric infection = diarrhea)
  3. primary viremia (spread to bursal lymph nodes and compromises immune system)
  4. secondary viremia (spread to kidneys and create immune complexes)
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16
Q

why is the initial outbreak of IBDV most severe compared to subsequent outbreaks

A

no maternal antibodies in the population the first time around

17
Q

T/F: chicks vaccinated in egg are hatched immune to IBDV

A

TRUE

18
Q

T/F: CAV has a high mortality alone

A

FALSE - Dual infections more common

19
Q

how is CAV immunosuppressive

A

targets cells in bone marrow and thymus, interferes with vaccinal immune responses

20
Q

how is CAV transmitted?

A
  1. horizontal (stable in environments)
  2. in-ovo
21
Q

what is the only DNA animal virus that is transmitted biologically by arthropods

A

Africa Swine Fever Virus

22
Q

what are reportable swine diseases

A
  1. ASFV
  2. classical swine fever virus
23
Q

what animals are susceptible to ASFV

A

feral and domestic pigs
wild boars
warthogs
etc

24
Q

what are the clinical signs of ASFV

A
  • hemorrhagic disease
  • D+/V+
  • cyanosis
  • lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly
25
Q

what are the 4 ways ASFV transmitted

A
  1. oronasal (direct)
  2. shed in all secretions
  3. ingestion of contaminated garbage and fomites
  4. sylvatic cycle via tick
26
Q

what are the 3 outcomes of ASFV

A
  1. acute phase (spread to lymph organs, targets macrophages, destroys vascular endothelial cells)
  2. chronic phase (shedding virus, lymphadenomegaly, immune complexes causing inflammation)
  3. death
27
Q

what biosecurity measures are in place for ASFV

A
  • restrict swine movement from PR and Virgin Islands
  • requirements for importing dogs from ASFV-affected countries
28
Q

T/F: since 2019, pig populations are diminishing due to ASFV outbreaks

A

TRUE

29
Q

pathogenesis of classical swine fever virus

A
  • infects macrophages and endothelial cells
  • results in endothelial damage, button ulcers, thrombosis, etc
30
Q

how is CSFV transmitted

A
  1. fomites
  2. contact of contaminated uncooked pork products
  3. vertically
  4. horizontally
31
Q

how does a piglet become persistently viremic

A

if mom is infected at 50-70 days of gestation

32
Q

what is a circovirus?

A

small, circular DNA, non-enveloped virus that is highly environmentally stable

33
Q

what are common PCVD complexes

A
  1. porcine dermatitis and nephropathy
  2. reproductive disease
  3. porcine respiratory disease complex
34
Q

how do porcine circovirus types 2, 3, and 4 differ

A

type 2 - associated with post-weaning wasting syndrome, immune suppression component

type 3 - all PCVD complexes and congenital tremors

type 4 - emerging

2 - Animal Health & Disease (15 decks)

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