Lecture 5 - Cardio virology 3 Flashcards
what are the 2 classifications of bovine leukemia virus
- enzootic
- sporadic
enzootic BLV
- occurring in > 3y/o
- produce less milk and lose weight
- lymph nodes enlarged (B cell tumor)
sporadic BLV
- BLV is not the major cause
- 3 types (calf/juvenile, thymic, skin/cutaneous)
describe the transmission and pathogenesis of BLV
- direct contact and in-utero
- trans-activation
- persistent lymphocytosis
what is the control program of BLV
identification of BLV-infected cows by antibody serum test and eradicating those infected
T/F: there is no strong link between Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus and disease state
TRUE
summarize Blue tongue virus (orbivirus) infection
- culicoides bite
- travel to lymph nodes
- infect blood
- destroy vascular endothelial cells
if blue tongue virus causes an intrauterine infection what is seen
early = abortion
late = congenital defects
T/F: those infected with blue tongue have immediate remission with no viral presence
FALSE - remain viremic
what is epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
disease in white-tailed deer (mostly) spread by culicoides and causes disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhagic disease
T/F: EHDV is self limting
TRUE - first frost kills culicoides
what is known as swamp fever
equine infectious anemia virus
what are the 3 phases of EIAV
- acute
- subacute
- chronic
describe acute EIAV
sudden fever, incoordination, thirst, progressive weakness. mares may abort
describe subacute EIAV
asymptomatic carriers
describe chronic EIAV
febrile episode and anemia (immune-mediated)
why would glomerular nephritis be seen in some horses with EIAV
because immune complexes build up in the filtration systems and cause inflammation
how is EIAV transmitted
- transplacental
- shed in every secretion
- contaminated food and water
- biting insects
- needles or surgical instruments
how is EIAV identified
Coggins or ELISA assay
what is considered an exotic disease affecting equine
african horse sickness virus
T/F: disease that is considered exotic to the U.S. results in importation restrictions
TRUE
Summarize African horse sickness virus pathogenesis
- transmitted by culicoides
- acute (virulent) or chronic
- infection of lymphoid organs progressively
describe the acute form of african horse sickness virus
- foamy discharge from mouth/nostrils
- pulmonary edema
- heavy loss
describe the chronic form of african horse sickness virus
- edema
- poorly virulent strain or previously exposed
what are the cardio viruses affecting cats
- FIPV
- Feline coronavirus
- FIV
- FeLV
T/F: FeLV is responsible for a wide variety of neoplastic and degenerative diseases
TRUE
how is FeLV shed
through mucosal sites (saliva, milk, bites, etc.)
what are the 3 possible outcomes of FeLV infection
- immune response, neutralizes antibodies, resistant to future infection
- after the initial viremia phase cat is a latent carrier
- cat is persistently viremic and shed virus
how do transient FeLV and progressive FeLV differ
progressive moves to infect platelets and becomes chronic carrier whereas transient circulates to peripheral lymph tissue
T/F: vaccination and testing is available for FeLV
TRUE
describe FIV clinical signs
enlarged lymph, gingivitis, chronic rhinitis/dermatitis, uveitis, neurological abnormalities
*opportunistic infections
how is FIV commonly transmitted
horizontally
saliva in bites
some in utero
what test is performed to determine FIV
antibody ELISA
what helps support the claim that feline coronavirus is ubiquitous but usually subclinical
the majority of the cat population is infected and appears healthy
what are the two biotypes of FCoVs
- feline enteric coronavirus
- feline infectious peritonitis virus
how does a cat initially infected with FECV get FIPV? how do we know this?
FECV mutates
FIPV/FECV sequences are similar
mutations that limit enteric replication and “non-contagious”
what are the 3 forms of FIP/FCoV
- effusive (wet) - pleural/peritoneal effusion
- non-effusive (dry) - pyogranulomatous lesions in kidneys, liver, CNS, and eyes
- combo
how is the form of FIP/FCoV determined
virus mutation/strain and immunity of the infected host
FIPV with no cell-mediated immunity
vessel wall damage allows leakage of serum components and results in pleuritis/peritonitis
FIPV with partial cell-mediated immunity
accumulation of monocytes and T cells which cause granuloma
FIPV with effective cell-mediated immunity
no disease - potential latency or reactivation
what antiviral is given for FIP treatment
GS-441524
inhibits RNA polymerase
how does canine adenovirus appear on histology
intranuclear inclusion bodies
how is CAV1 transmitted
- ocular secretions
- respiratory secretions
- contaminated urine/feces
where does CAV1 replicate
endothelium
what is a common sign of CAV1? why?
“blue eye” or uveitis
damage to anterior uvea due to accumulation of immune complexes
what vaccine is better for canine adenovirus:
CAV1 or CAV2?
why?
CAV2 because there is no incidence of blue eye
what hemorrhagic virus is present in rabbit populations
rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus
