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2 - Animal Health & Disease > Lecture 5 - Cardio virology 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Cardio virology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 classifications of bovine leukemia virus

A
  1. enzootic
  2. sporadic
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2
Q

enzootic BLV

A
  • occurring in > 3y/o
  • produce less milk and lose weight
  • lymph nodes enlarged (B cell tumor)
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3
Q

sporadic BLV

A
  • BLV is not the major cause
  • 3 types (calf/juvenile, thymic, skin/cutaneous)
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4
Q

describe the transmission and pathogenesis of BLV

A
  • direct contact and in-utero
  • trans-activation
  • persistent lymphocytosis
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5
Q

what is the control program of BLV

A

identification of BLV-infected cows by antibody serum test and eradicating those infected

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6
Q

T/F: there is no strong link between Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus and disease state

A

TRUE

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7
Q

summarize Blue tongue virus (orbivirus) infection

A
  1. culicoides bite
  2. travel to lymph nodes
  3. infect blood
  4. destroy vascular endothelial cells
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8
Q

if blue tongue virus causes an intrauterine infection what is seen

A

early = abortion
late = congenital defects

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9
Q

T/F: those infected with blue tongue have immediate remission with no viral presence

A

FALSE - remain viremic

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10
Q

what is epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

A

disease in white-tailed deer (mostly) spread by culicoides and causes disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhagic disease

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11
Q

T/F: EHDV is self limting

A

TRUE - first frost kills culicoides

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12
Q

what is known as swamp fever

A

equine infectious anemia virus

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13
Q

what are the 3 phases of EIAV

A
  1. acute
  2. subacute
  3. chronic
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14
Q

describe acute EIAV

A

sudden fever, incoordination, thirst, progressive weakness. mares may abort

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15
Q

describe subacute EIAV

A

asymptomatic carriers

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16
Q

describe chronic EIAV

A

febrile episode and anemia (immune-mediated)

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17
Q

why would glomerular nephritis be seen in some horses with EIAV

A

because immune complexes build up in the filtration systems and cause inflammation

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18
Q

how is EIAV transmitted

A
  1. transplacental
  2. shed in every secretion
  3. contaminated food and water
  4. biting insects
  5. needles or surgical instruments
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19
Q

how is EIAV identified

A

Coggins or ELISA assay

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20
Q

what is considered an exotic disease affecting equine

A

african horse sickness virus

21
Q

T/F: disease that is considered exotic to the U.S. results in importation restrictions

A

TRUE

22
Q

Summarize African horse sickness virus pathogenesis

A
  • transmitted by culicoides
  • acute (virulent) or chronic
  • infection of lymphoid organs progressively
23
Q

describe the acute form of african horse sickness virus

A
  • foamy discharge from mouth/nostrils
  • pulmonary edema
  • heavy loss
24
Q

describe the chronic form of african horse sickness virus

A
  • edema
  • poorly virulent strain or previously exposed
25
Q

what are the cardio viruses affecting cats

A
  1. FIPV
  2. Feline coronavirus
  3. FIV
  4. FeLV
26
Q

T/F: FeLV is responsible for a wide variety of neoplastic and degenerative diseases

A

TRUE

27
Q

how is FeLV shed

A

through mucosal sites (saliva, milk, bites, etc.)

28
Q

what are the 3 possible outcomes of FeLV infection

A
  1. immune response, neutralizes antibodies, resistant to future infection
  2. after the initial viremia phase cat is a latent carrier
  3. cat is persistently viremic and shed virus
29
Q

how do transient FeLV and progressive FeLV differ

A

progressive moves to infect platelets and becomes chronic carrier whereas transient circulates to peripheral lymph tissue

30
Q

T/F: vaccination and testing is available for FeLV

A

TRUE

31
Q

describe FIV clinical signs

A

enlarged lymph, gingivitis, chronic rhinitis/dermatitis, uveitis, neurological abnormalities

*opportunistic infections

32
Q

how is FIV commonly transmitted

A

horizontally
saliva in bites
some in utero

33
Q

what test is performed to determine FIV

A

antibody ELISA

34
Q

what helps support the claim that feline coronavirus is ubiquitous but usually subclinical

A

the majority of the cat population is infected and appears healthy

35
Q

what are the two biotypes of FCoVs

A
  1. feline enteric coronavirus
  2. feline infectious peritonitis virus
36
Q

how does a cat initially infected with FECV get FIPV? how do we know this?

A

FECV mutates
FIPV/FECV sequences are similar
mutations that limit enteric replication and “non-contagious”

37
Q

what are the 3 forms of FIP/FCoV

A
  1. effusive (wet) - pleural/peritoneal effusion
  2. non-effusive (dry) - pyogranulomatous lesions in kidneys, liver, CNS, and eyes
  3. combo
38
Q

how is the form of FIP/FCoV determined

A

virus mutation/strain and immunity of the infected host

39
Q

FIPV with no cell-mediated immunity

A

vessel wall damage allows leakage of serum components and results in pleuritis/peritonitis

40
Q

FIPV with partial cell-mediated immunity

A

accumulation of monocytes and T cells which cause granuloma

41
Q

FIPV with effective cell-mediated immunity

A

no disease - potential latency or reactivation

42
Q

what antiviral is given for FIP treatment

A

GS-441524
inhibits RNA polymerase

43
Q

how does canine adenovirus appear on histology

A

intranuclear inclusion bodies

44
Q

how is CAV1 transmitted

A
  1. ocular secretions
  2. respiratory secretions
  3. contaminated urine/feces
45
Q

where does CAV1 replicate

A

endothelium

46
Q

what is a common sign of CAV1? why?

A

“blue eye” or uveitis
damage to anterior uvea due to accumulation of immune complexes

47
Q

what vaccine is better for canine adenovirus:

CAV1 or CAV2?
why?

A

CAV2 because there is no incidence of blue eye

48
Q

what hemorrhagic virus is present in rabbit populations

A

rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

2 - Animal Health & Disease (15 decks)

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