Lecture 29 - Coccidia [Parvum] 1 Flashcards
what are select characteristics of apicomplexan
- intracellular w/ apical complex
- gliding motility
- alternating life cycle
- “zoites” and “-onts”
what are the types of asexual reproduction
- binary fission
- multiple fission
- budding
T/F: asexual reproduction creates many organisms quickly and damages host cells
TRUE
sporozoite
infective stafe; spore-like
merozoite
inside host cell; will start asexual reproduction
merogony
merozoite going through asexual replication
meront
containing many merozoites
sporogony
asexual replication within oocyst resulting in sporozoites
gametogony
merozoite develops into gamete
micro = male
macro = female
T/F: a zygote in sexual replication becomes on oocyst later in development
TRUE
T/F: C. parvum has a high host specificty
FALSE
what is the morphology of C. parvum
oocyte with 4 sporozoites
T/F: C. parvum is zoonotic
TRUE
what is the transmission of C. parvum
direct life cycle (fecal-oral or ingestion of oocyst)
describe the invasion technique of C. parvum
invade microvillus border of enterocyte
where does sporulation occur
host gut
T/F: the oocyst is immediately infectious after sporulation
TRUE
describe the dissemination of C. parvum oocyst
- thin-walled
autoinfection (excyst within the same host)
normal immune system = low grade chronic (D+)
immunocompromised = hyperinfection - thick-walled
exit in host feces (infectious)
describe the direct pathogenesis of C. parvum in 3 steps
- small intestine microvillus atrophy and dysfunction
- decreased surface area and absorption
- increased secretory activity
describe the indirect damage caused by C. parvum in 2 steps
- inflammation
- increased permeability with fluid loss
what clinical disease is caused by C. parvum
mild to severe watery diarrhea
what signalment is common to C. parvum clinical disease
neonatal calf (1-2 wk/o) with a subacute (2-3day) history of weight loss, emaciation, and dehydration
T/F: C. parvum can be severe/lethal in immunodeficient hosts
TRUE
what are the differentials for “calf scours” < 21 days old
- cryptosporidium 7-16 days
- enterotoxigenic E. coli
- rotavirus
- coronavirus
- salmonella
how is C. parvum diagnosed
- fecal float centrifugation
- fecal smear with acid fast stain
- ELISA/PCR
T/F: C. parvum is usually self-limiting
TRUE
what is the treatment for C. parvum?
fluid replacement therapy with electrolytes and allow milk access
what are control mechanisms for C. parvum
- sanitation and hygiene
- isolation/separation of sick and young animals
- ensure adequate colostrum intake
- extreme temps and disinfectants for oocyte targeting
what are the 4 risk factors of C. parvum infection
- dirty/contaminated environment
- stress factors
- housing sick calves with healthy
- not enough or low-quality colostrum
T/F: C. parvum is not zoonotic
FALSE
how is C. parvum transmitted
- human-to-human
- direct contact with animals
- contamination of drinking water
- food-borne
T/F: C parvum incidence is common in veterinarians and farmers
TRUE
A 12-day-old calf presents with severe scours. what is your treatment plan?
tx: fluid replacement with electrolytes, milk access, monitor for 3 days
