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2 - Animal Health & Disease > Lecture 18 - Respiratory Bacteriology 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Respiratory Bacteriology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

describe streptococcus

A

gram-positive, non-motile, faculative cocci

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2
Q

what is Lancefield grouping

A

classification system for catalase -, gram + cocci based on specific C substance in the cell wall

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of hemolysis

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. gamma
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4
Q

describe alpha hemolysis

A

oxidize iron in RBCs to biliverdin (green color)

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5
Q

describe beta hemolysis

A

complete rupture/lysis of RBCs by streptolysin

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6
Q

describe gamma hemolysis

A

no hemolysis

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7
Q

what are the 2 ways streptococcus can be classified

A
  1. antigenic structures (cell wall or protein)
  2. sequence typing
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8
Q

why do some species of streptococcus produce capsules

A

for protection from phagocytosis

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9
Q

what is a streptococcus capsule composed of

A

hyaluronic acid (group A)

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10
Q

what adhesions are used in streptococcus spp.

A
  1. M protein (microfold)
  2. fimbriae
  3. pilli
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11
Q

what toxins are produced by streptococcus spp. give their jobs

A
  1. streptolysin-O - attack leukocytes, platelets, etc
  2. streptolysin-S - less toxic
  3. streptokinase - cleave C3 via fibrinolysin activation
  4. DNase
  5. hyaluronidase - tissue invasion through breakdown
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12
Q

what is the pathogenesis of Strep. pyogenes

A

*only species in Lancefield Group A
*mostly human pathogen

M protein (major virulence) - creates self-antigen attacks
T protein
Erythrogenic toxins (SPE A, B, and C)

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13
Q

T/F: host immunity against GAS is high specific to M protein

A

TRUE

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14
Q

can you treat GAS (strep. pyogenes) with penicillin or is there resistance?

A

Yes; low incidence of resistance

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15
Q

describe strep. equi. what common diseases are caused by this bacteria?

A

Lancefield group C, B hemolysis

strangles, purpura hemorrhagica

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16
Q

what are the virulence factors of strep. equi

A
  1. M protein (antiphagocytic)
  2. cytotoxins (damage phagocytic cells)
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17
Q

what is strangles

A

contagious upper resp disease where abscess forms in ln which can compress nerve and rupture into guttural pouch

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18
Q

what is purpura hemorrhagica

A

type III sensitivity following infection or vaccination of S. equi due to Ab-M protein complex deposition

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19
Q

T/F: Strep. equi mostly affects horses

A

TRUE

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20
Q

describe strep. suis

A

Lancefield group D; 35 capsular types; type 2 associated with disease

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21
Q

what are the virulence factors of strep. suis

A
  1. muramidase-released protein
  2. extracellular protein factor
  3. suilysin
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22
Q

T/F: strep. suis is NOT zoonotic

A

FALSE

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23
Q

strep suis in humans is…

A

toxic shock syndrome: septicemia with secondary inflammation

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24
Q

describe the morpholgy of rhodococcus equi

A

large, gram +, short rod to cocci that creates distinct mucoid colonies on cultures

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25
Q

T/F: R. equi is resistant in the environment with long survival rate

A

TRUE

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25
Q

what antigens are produced by R. equi

A
  1. 7 capsular antigens
  2. virulence-associated protein A
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26
Q

what does virulence-associated protein A do

A

survival within macrophages by preventing phagosome-lysosome fusion

27
Q

what are the clinical diseases of R. equi in horses

A
  1. pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia in foal
  2. visceral abscess or -itis
28
Q

what are the clinical diseases of R. equi in swine

A

lymphadenitis

29
Q

detection of ____ relies on PCR

A

mycoplasma

30
Q

what are the 5 mycoplasma virulence factors

A
  1. antigenic shift
  2. agglutinates
  3. hemolysin
  4. immunosuppression
  5. toxins
31
Q

T/F: mycoplasma disease is typically associated with epithelial surfaces

A

FALSE -mucosal

32
Q

what is the cause of contagious bovine pleuropneumoniae (CBPP)

A

mycoplasma mycoides

33
Q

what is the transmission and pathology of CBPP

A

transmission: aerosol and inhalation

pathology: lesions and interlobular septa thickened by fibrinous exudate and enlarged ln

34
Q

what does Mycoplasma bovis cause

A
  1. pneumonia
  2. otitis
  3. mastitis
35
Q

how is mycoplasma bovis transmitted

A
  1. inhalation
  2. vertical (mammary gland)
36
Q

what is Mycoplasma dispar associated with

A

respiratory disease

37
Q

what is the predisposing agent for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)

A

mycoplasma bovoculi

38
Q

what is the most economically impactful mycoplasma in goats? what does it cause?

A

mycoplasma capricolum - contagious caprine pleuropneumoniae

39
Q

what is the main virulence factor of M. capricolum

A

capsular protein

40
Q

T/F: M. capricolum causes systemic disease in goats

A

TRUE

41
Q

what causes chronic pneumonia is small ruminants

A

mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

42
Q

what are two environmental predisposing factors for M. ovipneumoniae

A
  1. housing management
  2. ventilation
43
Q

what can be transmitted due to carrying in the ear canal

A

mycoplasma capri

44
Q

what are the 3 routes of transmission for M. capri

A
  1. carrier in ear canal
  2. vertical (colostrum)
  3. direct
45
Q

M. capri is known for causing systemic disease in what group

A

goat kid

46
Q

what causes infectious caprine/ovine keratoconjunctivitis

A

mycoplasma conjunctivae

47
Q

what causes porcine enzootic pneumonia

A

mycoplasma hypopneumoniae

48
Q

what is the clinical sign of porcine enzootic pneumonia

A

persistent, non-productive dry cough, decreased weight gain

49
Q

what is the pathogenesis of MHP in 5 steps

A
  1. stressors
  2. colonization to the ciliated respiratory epithelium
  3. ciliostasis, loss of cilia, decreased epithelial cells and goblet cells
  4. loss of function of the mucociliary apparatus
  5. predispose to secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia
50
Q

mycoplasma hyorhinis is commensal to what species

A

swine

51
Q

what species do mycoplasma gallisepticum infect. what is the disease manifestation for each

A

chicken = chronic resp. disease
turkey = infectious sinusitis

52
Q

what is the transmission of M. gallisepticum

A
  1. aerosol
  2. direct contact
  3. venereal
  4. vertical transmission
53
Q

what is Mycoplasma synoviae

A

disease in chickens and turkeys that manifests as generalized respiratory disease and can spread systemically to air sac and joints

54
Q

what is mycoplasma meleagridis

A

respiratory disease in turkeys

55
Q

what is mycoplasma iowae

A

respiratory and joint disease in chickens/turkeys with immunosuppression

56
Q

what is mycoplasma gallinarum

A

severe bronchitis when co-infected with IBV

57
Q

what is mycoplasma anatum

A

respiratory and systemic infection in ducks

58
Q

describe the morphology of chlamydiae

A

small, gram -, pleomorphic cocci intracellular parasite

59
Q

describe the life cycle of chlamydiae in 5 steps

A

1.infectios EB enters
2. EB to RB differentiation
3. RB fission and inclusion growth
4. RB to EB differentiation
5. release EBs

60
Q

what are the 2 phases of chlamydia life cycle

A

biphastic (elementary and reticulate)

61
Q

decribe chlamydia psittaci

A

common asymptomatic disease with non-specific clinical signs and extensive shed period in a variety of birds

62
Q

how is psittacosis diagnosed

A
  1. PCR
  2. culture
  3. serology
63
Q

T/F: psittacosis causes parrot fever in humans

A

TRUE

64
Q

what does chlamydia felis cause

A

conjunctivitis - rarely respiratory

2 - Animal Health & Disease (21 decks)

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