Lecture 15 - Respiratory Parasitology

Question 1

what respiratory parasites are pasture-borne

Answer 1

dictyocaulus species

Question 2

match the dictyocaulus species to its host

a. viviparus
b. arenfieldi
c. filaria

1. equine spp.
2. sheep, goats
3. cattle

Answer 2

a. 3
b. 1
c. 2

Question 3

describe the pathology of dictyocaulus spp.

Answer 3

blocked airways caused by bronchial inflammation and worms

verminous pneumonia caused by aspiration of eggs, larvae, & exudate

Question 4

T/F: anthelminthic treatments are effective for dictyocaulus

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

what dewormers are preferred for dictyocaulus spp.

Answer 5

macrocyclic lactones

Question 6

Describe cattle immunity to D. viviparus

Answer 6

host immune rxn stimulates an acquired immunity over continued exposure in endemic areas

Question 7

what is the timeline of clinical signs and immunity for D. viviparus

Answer 7

clinical signs begin 1 week after acquisition and worsen until week 5, when acquired immunity takes effect

Question 8

what is a management strategy of D. arnfieldi

Answer 8

do not co-graze donkeys (asym. carriers) with horses

Question 9

what is the pathology of D. filaria

Answer 9

many cases are asymp. but heavy infections cause verminous bronchitis, c+, dyspnea

Question 10

what two dictyocaulus spp. should you deworm at the 1st clinical sign

Answer 10

D. viviparus and D. arnfieldi

Question 11

what is referred to as gapeworm? what species does this infect?

Answer 11

syngamus trachea - poultry

Question 12

why is syngamus trachea referred to as gapeworm (what is the pathology?)

Answer 12

trachea becomes blocked by worms and inflamed from exudate causing respiratory distress (mouth breathing)

Question 13

what is the paratenic host for syngamus trachea

Answer 13

earthworms, snails, slugs

Question 14

what nematode affects PASTURED swine

Answer 14

metastrongylus spp.

Question 15

what two nematodes require earthworms as a type of intermediate host

Answer 15

1. syngamus trachea
2. metastrongylus spp.

Question 16

what is the pathology of metastrongylus spp. include clinical signs

Answer 16

worms and inflammatory exudate block airways and lead to secondary infection, poor weight gain, abdominal breathing (thumps)

Question 17

describe the eggs of metastrongylus spp.

Answer 17

larvated and thick-shelled

Question 18

what nematode causes granulomatous pneumonia in cats due to “nests” in the lung parenchyma

Answer 18

Aelurostrongylus

Question 19

what are the paratenic host and intermediate host of aelurostrongylus

Answer 19

paratenic = rodent or bird
intermediate = slug or snail

Question 20

give a morphologic description of pathognomonic findings of aelurostrongylus

Answer 20

systemic disseminated granulomatous nodes

Question 21

describe the baermann analysis

Answer 21

used for motile larvae by filling a tube with water and then collecting the sample

Question 22

what lung nematode is closely related to capillarids

Answer 22

whipworms

Question 23

T/F: capillarids tend to be both host and site specific

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

cats with Eucoleus aerophilus infections should be treated with

Answer 24

topical moxidectin

Question 25

describe the pathology of Eucoleus aerophilus

Answer 25

asymptomatic to mild cough in dogs and cats

Question 26

describe the pathology of eucoleus boehmi

Answer 26

rhinitis, S+, rubbing nose

Question 27

what capillaria spp. infects dogs and is common to NC

Answer 27

eucoleus boehmi

Question 28

what is the fluke of companion animals

Answer 28

paragonimus kellicotti

Question 29

what is the general life cycle of paragonimus kellicotti

Answer 29

aquatic - intermediate hosts of crayfish and river snails - infect companion animals

Question 30

T/F: humans CANNOT get paragonimus kellicotti

Answer 30

FALSE - cases reported from eating undercooked crayfish

Question 31

what is the pathology of paragonimus kellicotti

Answer 31

bronchi inflammation, eosinophilic granulomas, acute pneumothorax and sudden death

Question 32

what diagnostics should be performed if you suspect P. kellicotti

Answer 32

1. fecal sedimentation
2. sputum smear