Lecture 6 - Hemoflagellates Flashcards
what is unique about the hemoflagellates T. cruzi and L. infantum
they initially infect the blood and migrate to organs
what is the form of hemoflagellates found in macrophages
amastigotes
what is the vector of Leishmania infantum
sandflies
summarize the infection of leishmania infantum in 7 steps
- sandfly takes up macrophages in blood meal and amastigote transforms to promastigotes
- replicates in fly midgut via binary fission
- promastigotes regurgitated before blood meal
- salivary transmission
- promastigote phagocytized by host macrophage
- disseminates through host
- asexual replication
what are the 4 ways leishmania is transmitted
- vector
- blood transfusion
- transplacental
- direct or perinatal
T/F: leishmania hurts the host through direct tissue damage and immune modulation
TRUE
what is produced by the immune system to clear a leishmania infection
CD4+ (cytokine secretions specifically)
if serology titers are ____ it is indicative of a severe leishmania
high
what are the clinical findings of Leishmania (from stages 1 to 4)
- dermal lesions
- lymphadenopathy
- hyperglobulinemia
- kidney disease (usually die from renal failure)
6 y/o foxhound presents with dry lesions surrounded in a ring of alopecia, uveitis, and indicators of non-regenerative anemia. what is your diagnosis
leishmania infantum
what tests help diagnose leishmania
- IFA or ELISA
- PCR
- amastigotes in cytology
what question should be asked if a dog presents with clinical symptoms similar to leishmania
travel history or origin of adoption
what is the control protocol for canine Leishmania
- vector control (preventatives)
- breeding control
- screen blood donors
what are the top 3 risk factors for leishmaniasis infection in the U.S.
- imported or have travel history from endemic countries
- US foxhounds (sometimes beagles and bassets)
- texas
a 7m/o cat recently adopted from Texas presents with dermal lesions on the ears. what is your diagnosis? Be specific
Leishmania mexicana
