Lecture 60, 61, 62 - Urogenital Parasites Flashcards
capillaria are
adult worms associated with epithelium
describe the life cycle of capillaria
- eggs passed in urine
- ingested by earthworms (IH) and hatch to larvae
- ingestion by canid or felid (DH)
- larvae migrate to urinary bladder mucosa and develop to adults
what is the pathogenesis of capillaria
adult worms embed in the bladder mucosa and cause inflammation
how can capillaria be diagnosed
urine sediment exam
T/F: there are no FDA approved drug treatments for capillaria
TRUE
T/F: those infected by capillaria are usually symptomatic
FALSE
summarize the apicomplexan life cycle in the GI tract of the definitive host
- sporozoites ingested
- infect enterocytes
- merozoite
- asexual replication (merogony)
- meronts contain merozoites
- signal tells merozoites to become gametes
- sexual fertilization
- oocysts
- sporulation
summarize the apicomplexan life cycle beyond the GI tract of the definitive host
- sporozoites ingested
- infect enterocytes
- systemic migration to brain, muscle, placenta, liver cells, etc.
- fast asexual reproduction (tachyzoites) causes a lot of damage
- reproduction slows (bradyzoites)
describe the oocyst of neospora caninum
small, spherical, smooth coat, no polar cap
unsporulated when passed (1-3days to sporulate)
sporulated oocyst contains 2 sporcysts w/ 4 sporozoites
T/F: bradyzoite facilitates persistent infection
TRUE
describe the dog-to-cow transmission of neospora
- cattle ingest food contaminated with sporulated oocysts from canid feces
- sporozoites penetrate intestinal lining
- zoites move to extra-intestinal cells
describe cow-to-dog transmission of neospora
- dogs ingest tissue cysts from bovine placenta, fetus, and other bovine tissues
- intestinal cells infected with some sexual repro
- oocysts shed 5-13 days post ingestion
- sporulate after 1-3 days
describe congenital transmission (cow-to-calf)
- ingested sporozoites DURING PREGNANCY become tachyzoites and infect fetus
- latent bradyzoites transform and infect fetus
describe transgenerational transmission (cow-to-calf)
an infected fetus survives and passes neospora to offspring
T/F; N. caninum tachyzoites have placental tropism
TRUE
the direct damage to placenta by N. caninum causes
abortion
what clinical disease does N. caninum cause
- mid-to-late term abortions
- usually 1st post-infection pregnancy
- if abortion storm, suspect feed contamination
how is N. caninum diagnosed
- Serology, PCR, histology
- antibody test for whole milk
- diagnostic arrays for cows/aborted fetus
T/F: there are proven treatment for cattle infected with N. caninum
FALSE
T/F: N. caninum not zoonotic
TRUE
how is N. caninum controlled
- limit exposure to canids
- farm hygiene removes aborted fetus
- cull seropositive cells/mid-term abortions
- do not feed dogs raw meat
what stage of the life cycle in not infective
unsporulated oocysts
describe tritrichomonas foetus
- trophozoite only
- urogenital and GI tracts
- specific host-pathogen interactions
what is the primary host of tritrichomonas foetus
cows/bulls
