Lecture 57 - Epidemiology 9 (surveillance) Flashcards
surveillance
use of data to monitor health problems to facilitate their prevention or control (effectiveness of control, direct priorities, inform planning, etc.)
what are the 5 essential activities of surveillance
- identify, define, and measure the health problem of interest
- systematically collect and compile data about the problem
- analyze and interpret data
- disseminate timely results and interpretation to those responsible for controlling the health problem
- monitor and periodically evaluate the usefulness and quality of surveillance
what are the purposes of surveillance
- assessment
- control measures
- objective for action
- define priorities
- design and plan control programs
- evaluate interventions and programs
- plan and conduct research
what are the 4 critical characteristics of surveillance systems
- timeliness
- representation
- sensitivity
- specificity
what are the types of surveillance
- passive
- active
- sentinel
- syndromic
passive surveillance
diseases are reported by healthcare providers
less expensive and simple
active surveillance
health agencies contact healthcare providers seeking reports with additional epidemiologic and clinical information usually corresponding with an investigation
FDA safety reporting portal
animal drug and device side effects, problems, complaints, etc.
NAHRS
collects data on the presence of confirmed diseases on NLRAD
NLRAD
includes WOAH reportable diseases of interest in specific livestock, poultry, and aquaculture species in the U.S.
NAHMS
USDA APHIS animal health monitoring program that conducts national studies on health and related management
CDC ABCs
active laboratory and population-based surveillance for invasive pathogens
Sentinel surveillance
reporting of health events by healthcare providers who are selected to represent a geographic area/group
can be active or passive
syndromic surveillance
focused on one or more clinical symptoms using automated data extraction and analysis methods
surveillance case definition
set of uniform criteria used to define a disease for surveillance that enables health officials to classify and count cases consistently
descriptive epidemiology
- frequency
- prevalence
- incidence
