Lecture 19 - Respiratory Bacteriology 4

Question 1

describe mycobacterium morphology

Answer 1

aerobic, rods, acid-fast positive (red)

Question 2

does mycobacterium cause acute or chronic disease

Answer 2

chronic

Question 3

where do mycobacterium live once in the body

Answer 3

macrophages

Question 4

what is caused by the strong cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterium

Answer 4

type IV hypersensitivity and formation of granulomatous inflammation

Question 5

what allows mycobacterium to survive in macrophages

Answer 5

1. cord factor (TMD)
2. sulfur-containing glycolipids
3. more lipid content

Question 6

what are the 3 chronic progressive diseases caused by mycobacterium

Answer 6

1. tuberculosis
2. leprosy
3. Johne’s disease

Question 7

how is mycobacterium diagnosed

Answer 7

1. intradermal skin (tuberculin) test
2. culture
3. PCR
4. acid-fast stain

Question 8

describe mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 8

main causative agent of human TB that mainly targets the lung

Question 9

why might someone without TB test positive

Answer 9

vaccine history

Question 10

describe mycobacterium bovis

Answer 10

Bovine TB
*reportable
*zoonotic

Question 11

what are the 3 main layers of tubercle formation in Mycobacterium bovis

Answer 11

1. central necrosis
2. multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, intracellular organisms
3. encapsulated fibrous CT

Question 12

describe Burkholderia

Answer 12

gram - rod found in soil/water/rodents

Question 13

what does Burkholderia cause

Answer 13

“glanders” in equine

Question 14

what mycobacterium diseases are reportable

Answer 14

1. Burkholderia
2. Mycobacterium Bovis

Question 15

where is glanders endemic? is it zoonotic?

Answer 15

middle east, india, china

zoonotic

Question 16

what causes pseudoglanders

Answer 16

burkholderia pseudomallei
*also known as melioidosis

Question 17

T/F: burkholderia pseudomallei forms abscesses in multiple organs

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

what are the two filamentous bacteria

Answer 18

1. actinomyces
2. nocardia

Question 19

describe the morphology of nocardia

Answer 19

gram +, rod to filamentous, acid-fast bacteria

Question 20

what is the most common spp. for nocardia

Answer 20

N. asteroides

Question 21

T/F: nocardia spp. tends to be associated with severe infections

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

how does infection occur with N. asteriodes

Answer 22

opportunistic through ingestion, inhalation, and wounds

Question 23

in cats and dogs, N. asteriodes causes

Answer 23

pyothorax, sq lesion, co-infection with CDV

Question 24

in horses, N. asteriodes causes

Answer 24

pyothorax, sq lesion, and abortion

Question 25

what is the treatment for lesions and mastitis associated with N. asteriodes

Answer 25

lesions - abx, drainage

mastitis - culling

Question 26

describe the morphology of actinomyces

Answer 26

gram + rods to filamentous bacteria, non-acid fast

Question 27

what is the pathogenesis of actinomyces in 4 steps

Answer 27

1. injury to area normally inhabited
2. pyogranulomatous response
3. virulence factors help attach and breakdown
4. sulfur-containing exudate produced

Question 28

actinomyces viscosus species infected

Answer 28

dogs

Question 29

T/F: actinomyces are highly susceptible to abx

Answer 29

TRUE