Lecture 11 - Respiratory Virology 1 Flashcards
what influenza type infects humans
B
what influenza type infects humans and pigs
C
what influenza type infects cattle and pigs
D
T/F: Influenza A infects all mammals
TRUE
what are the two envelope proteins of the flu
H and N
describe the makeup of the flu virus
8 segments of RNA “mini genes” enveloped by proteins
what is the target of influenza
respiratory epithelium
what 2 ways does the flu evolve
- antigenic drift (point mutation)
- antigenic shift (reassortment)
describe antigenic drift of the flu virus
mutations in envelope proteins allow escape from the immune system
describe antigenic shift of the flu virus
sudden reassortment from dual infection
H1N1
swine flu
swine to human transmission
T/F: pigs are known as the origin of interspecies transmission due to a specific receptor
FALSE - “mixing vessel” due to multiple receptors being present
what is the transmission of H1N1
aerosolized respiratory secretions and avian sheds in feces
describe the pathogenesis of H1N1 in swine and equine
- local resp. infection
- fever, cough, anorexia
- discharge
- bronchopneumonia
what are the different types of alveolar lesions created by the flu
- atelectasis (collapse)
- consolidation (inflamed)
H5N1
High-path bird flu
what species develops a subclinical infection with H5N1
water fowl
what is the pathogenesis of H5N1 in birds
clinical infection of turkeys and chicken
mild respiratory disease or severe systemic infection
high disease cost associated
T/F: HPAI H5N1 has been found in dairy cattle
True
what are the implications of H5N1 being dairy cattle
- human transmission of those in the dairy industry
- cow to cow disease
T/F: H5N1 affects dry dairy cows
FALSE - affects lactating cows (decreases production and causes clinical mastitis symptoms)
T/F: H5N1 has tropism for udder
TRUE
T/F: HPAI has shown adaptation to different mammals (poultry, alpacas, cats, humans, etc)
TRUE
what was the first sign of H5N1 infecting cows
dead cats who drank raw milk
experimental infection of cats with H5N1 showed 4 things
- cats excreted virus
- transmitted virus to sentinel cats
- lung lesions
- horizontal transmission
what is unique about H3N8
equine influenza is zoonotic but is asymptomatic in humans
what is the commonality between H3N8 and H3N2? the difference?
common = spread to dogs
difference = equine and avian origins respectively
control for influenza in horses
frequent vax of high-risk population
quarantine procedures
control for influenza in swine
no routine vax
control for Influenza in avian
quarantine & eradication
limit contact with wild birds
control for influenza in dogs
vax (inactivated H3N8 and H3N2)
control for influenza in cattle
biosafety
H5N1 vax
T/F: there are 4 genera of coronavirus - alpha, beta, delta, gamma
TRUE
Describe frequent recombination generation
- polymerase transcribes RNA
- polymerase dissociates
- Reassociate at defined sites
- mixed genome is product
SARS stands for
severe acute respiratory syndrome
MERS stands for
Middle East respiratory syndrome
what is the likely source of coronaviruses
bats
what animal has covid infected naturally
cats
what mammals are readily infected, symptomatic, and transmit
ferrets and minks
T/F: it has been proven there is a secondary spillover linked with covid
FALSE
