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2 - Animal Health & Disease > Lecture 13 - Respiratory Virology 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Respiratory Virology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the subfamilies of herpesviridae

A
  1. alpha (rapidly growing, neuro)
  2. beta (slow, cytomegalic, glands/kidneys)
  3. gamma (lymphoid tissue, Marek’s)
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2
Q

what are the 3 targets of alpha herpesvirus epithelial infections

A
  1. respiratory disease
  2. ocular disease
  3. abortion
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3
Q

T/F: the presence of infection in both epithelium and nervous tissue create multi-organ neonatal infection

A

TRUE

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4
Q

T/F: absence of antibody in a neonate would occur if the neonate was born to an immune mother or FPT

A

TRUE

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of equine herpesvirus and their manifestations

A
  1. EHV3 (genitalia)
  2. EHV4 (respiratory)
  3. EHV1 (abortion, neuro, multi-organ neonatal)
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6
Q

describe EHV4

A
  • equine rhinopneumonitis virus
  • Young foals are commonly affected due to multiple factors
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7
Q

T/F: immunity to EHV4 is long-lived

A

FALSE

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8
Q

how is EHV4 controlled

A
  • inactivated or ML vaccines
  • dosing to foals and pregnant mares
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9
Q

T/F: EHV4 vaccines control respiratory, abortion, and CNS side effects of the disease

A

FALSE - does not manage CNS effects

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10
Q

describe equine rhinitis A virus

A
  • high sero antibody prevalence suggests subclinical infections are common
  • persistent infection
  • infects pharynx, upper and lower airways
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11
Q

how is equine rhinitis A virus controlled

A

annual inactivated virus vaccine

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12
Q

describe the 4 phases of equine adenovirus pathogenesis

A
  1. replication in the oral and nasal epithelium
  2. viremia
  3. migration to epithelium of respiratory track, conjunctiva, and jejunum
  4. disease (mild or severe pneumonia)
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13
Q

what horse is genetically predisposed to B & T cell deficiency (CID)

A

Arabian horse

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14
Q

T/F: Hendra virus is zoonotic

A

TRUE

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15
Q

what are the 3 ways hendra virus is transmitted

A
  1. bat to horse (contaminated fruit)
  2. horse to horse (infected secretions)
  3. human-to-horse contact
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16
Q

describe the pathogenesis of canine distemper (paramyxovirus) in 1 sentence

A

infects mononuclear cells of oropharynx and spreads to lymphoid tissues (primary) then organ systems (secondary)

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17
Q

the clinical signs of canine distemper depends on what

A
  1. strain
  2. host
  3. age
  4. immunity
  5. environmental stress
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18
Q

T/F: the clinical signs of canine distemper tend to be broad

A

TRUE

19
Q

in a good immune response to canine distemper, what is common in older dogs

A

“old dog encephalitis”

20
Q

the presence of neutralizing antibodies is indicative of what

A

protection against

21
Q

what is a differential disease for canine distemper

A

rabies

22
Q

describe canine herpesvirus (CHV)

A
  • uncommon cause of disease (respiratory, genital, multiorgan neonatal)
  • temperature sensitive (33C)
23
Q

CHV exposure of neonatal puppies must occur when

A

<4 weeks of age

24
Q

what are the clinical signs and ways to diagnose CHV

A

signs
- D+, dyspnea, anorexia, sudden death

diagnosis
- hemorrhage lesions on organs

25
Q

what contributes to the infection of puppies by CHV

A

thermoregulatory structures are not fully operational until ~4 weeks of age and the mother is susceptible

26
Q

describe the pathogenesis of CHV in 4 steps

A
  1. respiratory infection
  2. viremia
  3. body temp of puppy drops and withdraws from mother
  4. CHV replicates in organs
27
Q

what are the 2 disease requirements of CHV

A
  1. immune naive mother
  2. CHV exposure of mother ~4weeks before to 4 weeks after parturition
28
Q

how is CHV prevented and controlled

A
  • natural immunization before breeding
  • isolate dam & pups
  • maintain increased temperature of kennel
29
Q

what is canine adenovirus type 2

A

virus that replicates in the epithelium of the respiratory system

30
Q

why is the CAV1 MLV vaccine not given?

A

incidence of blue eye

31
Q

what is the most common cause of feline respiratory disease

A

feline herpesvirus 1

32
Q

describe the primary infection of FHV1

A

respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, potential pneumonia

33
Q

describe the recrudescence of FHV1

A

scarring of the cornea due to lytic damage

34
Q

T/F: ALL herpesvirus infections have repeated, intermittent episodes

A

TRUE

35
Q

what is the mechanism of viral latency/shedding in herpesvirus

A
  1. infection in epithelium at site of entry
  2. travels up nerves
  3. latent infection in neurons
  4. stress causes a change to productive infection
  5. virus travels down nerves to re-infect epithelium with shedding
36
Q

what is the control of FHV1

A

MLV

37
Q

what is clinically indistinguishable from FHV1 and is the second major cause of respiratory disease

A

Feline Calicivirus

38
Q

T/F: feline calicivirus is a generally uncommon and low pathogenic virus

A

FALSE

39
Q

describe the transmission and clinical signs of feline calicivirus

A

transmission - aerosol, fomite, humans

clinical signs - tongue ulcers, conjunctivitis, pneumonia

40
Q

T/F: cats infected with feline calicivirus are immune but may shed for life

A

TRUE

41
Q

T/F: there is a large opportunity for evolution with feline calicivirus due to the RNA genome

A

TRUE

42
Q

what can feline calicivirus mutate to? what are the signs or treatments?

A

Virulent systemic disease (VSD) characterized by edema and sores, treated with antibiotics

43
Q

are there vaccines for feline calicivirus

A

yes - SQ & intranasal

2 - Animal Health & Disease (21 decks)

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