Lecture 13 - Respiratory Virology 3 Flashcards
what are the subfamilies of herpesviridae
- alpha (rapidly growing, neuro)
- beta (slow, cytomegalic, glands/kidneys)
- gamma (lymphoid tissue, Marek’s)
what are the 3 targets of alpha herpesvirus epithelial infections
- respiratory disease
- ocular disease
- abortion
T/F: the presence of infection in both epithelium and nervous tissue create multi-organ neonatal infection
TRUE
T/F: absence of antibody in a neonate would occur if the neonate was born to an immune mother or FPT
TRUE
what are the 3 types of equine herpesvirus and their manifestations
- EHV3 (genitalia)
- EHV4 (respiratory)
- EHV1 (abortion, neuro, multi-organ neonatal)
describe EHV4
- equine rhinopneumonitis virus
- Young foals are commonly affected due to multiple factors
T/F: immunity to EHV4 is long-lived
FALSE
how is EHV4 controlled
- inactivated or ML vaccines
- dosing to foals and pregnant mares
T/F: EHV4 vaccines control respiratory, abortion, and CNS side effects of the disease
FALSE - does not manage CNS effects
describe equine rhinitis A virus
- high sero antibody prevalence suggests subclinical infections are common
- persistent infection
- infects pharynx, upper and lower airways
how is equine rhinitis A virus controlled
annual inactivated virus vaccine
describe the 4 phases of equine adenovirus pathogenesis
- replication in the oral and nasal epithelium
- viremia
- migration to epithelium of respiratory track, conjunctiva, and jejunum
- disease (mild or severe pneumonia)
what horse is genetically predisposed to B & T cell deficiency (CID)
Arabian horse
T/F: Hendra virus is zoonotic
TRUE
what are the 3 ways hendra virus is transmitted
- bat to horse (contaminated fruit)
- horse to horse (infected secretions)
- human-to-horse contact
describe the pathogenesis of canine distemper (paramyxovirus) in 1 sentence
infects mononuclear cells of oropharynx and spreads to lymphoid tissues (primary) then organ systems (secondary)
the clinical signs of canine distemper depends on what
- strain
- host
- age
- immunity
- environmental stress
T/F: the clinical signs of canine distemper tend to be broad
TRUE
in a good immune response to canine distemper, what is common in older dogs
“old dog encephalitis”
the presence of neutralizing antibodies is indicative of what
protection against
what is a differential disease for canine distemper
rabies
describe canine herpesvirus (CHV)
- uncommon cause of disease (respiratory, genital, multiorgan neonatal)
- temperature sensitive (33C)
CHV exposure of neonatal puppies must occur when
<4 weeks of age
what are the clinical signs and ways to diagnose CHV
signs
- D+, dyspnea, anorexia, sudden death
diagnosis
- hemorrhage lesions on organs
what contributes to the infection of puppies by CHV
thermoregulatory structures are not fully operational until ~4 weeks of age and the mother is susceptible
describe the pathogenesis of CHV in 4 steps
- respiratory infection
- viremia
- body temp of puppy drops and withdraws from mother
- CHV replicates in organs
what are the 2 disease requirements of CHV
- immune naive mother
- CHV exposure of mother ~4weeks before to 4 weeks after parturition
how is CHV prevented and controlled
- natural immunization before breeding
- isolate dam & pups
- maintain increased temperature of kennel
what is canine adenovirus type 2
virus that replicates in the epithelium of the respiratory system
why is the CAV1 MLV vaccine not given?
incidence of blue eye
what is the most common cause of feline respiratory disease
feline herpesvirus 1
describe the primary infection of FHV1
respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, potential pneumonia
describe the recrudescence of FHV1
scarring of the cornea due to lytic damage
T/F: ALL herpesvirus infections have repeated, intermittent episodes
TRUE
what is the mechanism of viral latency/shedding in herpesvirus
- infection in epithelium at site of entry
- travels up nerves
- latent infection in neurons
- stress causes a change to productive infection
- virus travels down nerves to re-infect epithelium with shedding
what is the control of FHV1
MLV
what is clinically indistinguishable from FHV1 and is the second major cause of respiratory disease
Feline Calicivirus
T/F: feline calicivirus is a generally uncommon and low pathogenic virus
FALSE
describe the transmission and clinical signs of feline calicivirus
transmission - aerosol, fomite, humans
clinical signs - tongue ulcers, conjunctivitis, pneumonia
T/F: cats infected with feline calicivirus are immune but may shed for life
TRUE
T/F: there is a large opportunity for evolution with feline calicivirus due to the RNA genome
TRUE
what can feline calicivirus mutate to? what are the signs or treatments?
Virulent systemic disease (VSD) characterized by edema and sores, treated with antibiotics
are there vaccines for feline calicivirus
yes - SQ & intranasal
