History Final Sem 2 Flashcards
1
Q
In mid 1800s, how was the continent of Africa divided
A
Berlin conference made rules
Divided into several territories controlled by European nations
2
Q
Which countries colonized in Africa
A
European countries
3
Q
Define Social Darwinism
A
Belief that those who are fittest for survival enjoy wealth
4
Q
Which people were not invited to Berlin Conference in 1884-1885
A
African people
5
Q
What are Cash Crop Plantations
A
Plantations where crops were planted for economic growth
6
Q
What was decided at Berlin Conference in 1884-1885
A
European nations could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of its claim and showing they could control the area
7
Q
Who were the first Europeans to settle in South Africa
A
Dutch
8
Q
What is the definition of a colony
A
Country or territory governed internally by foreign power
9
Q
What are some positive effects of imperialism
A
Reduced local warfare
Improved sanitation
Hospitals increased lifespan
Schools improved literacy rates
10
Q
What are some negative effects of imperialism
A
New disease entered Africa (smallpox)
Many perished in resisting Europeans
Famines from cash crops
Breakdown of traditional culture
11
Q
Dutch settlers fought against the British in the ________ War
A
Boer
12
Q
The _______________ was a meeting in which 14 European nations established rules for division of Africa
A
Berlin Conference
13
Q
Period of British rule over India from 1757-1947 is called
A
Raj
14
Q
Which nation is the jewel in the crown
A
India
15
Q
Suez Canal connected which bodies of water
A
Red Sea & Mediterranean
16
Q
Seizure of a country or territory by stronger country is called
A
Imperialism
17
Q
Why was Ethiopia able to resist European colonization
A
Combo of geographical challenges, strong leadership, military victories, national pride, strategic alliances
18
Q
Who fought in Battle of Adowa
A
Italy & Ehtiopia
19
Q
What does acronym MAIN represent
A
Militarism
Alliance
Imperialism
Nationalism
20
Q
What are some of the major causes of rising international tensions in the early 1900s
A
Competition for colonial territories
21
Q
How did Militarism help cause WW1
A
Glorified war & helped feed arms race
22
Q
Who assassinated Austro-Hungarian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand
A
Gamrilo Princip
23
Q
On eve of WW1, Bosnia was ruled by which country
A
Austria Hungary
24
Q
What happened when Schlieffen Plan failed
A
There was stalemate and trench warfare on western front
25
Who was leader of Germany as WW1 began
Kaiser Wilhelm II
26
What part of Europe was known as the powder keg of Europe
Balkans
27
What are some reasons that Russia began to mobilize for war
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and Russia supported Serbia
28
Why did British declare war on Germany
Protect Belgium
29
Why did British declare war on Germany
Protect Belgium
30
What events caused Britain to fight in WW1
Germany invaded Belgium and there was understanding to keep Belgium neutral
31
What was Schlieffen Plan designed to avoid
Avoid war on 2 fronts
32
Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over enemy in trench warfare
Machine gun
33
Nation devoting all their resources to war effort is known as
Total war
34
What British passenger liner was sunk by Germany U-boats in May 1915, killing approx 1200 passengers
Lusitonia
35
In Zimmerman telegram, what did Germany offer to Mexico if they joined the Central Powers
Return of Mexican land lost to US to Mexico
36
The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause is known as what
Propaganda
37
How did women help in war effort
Worked in factories making supplies for the war
38
What ended Russia's participation in WW1
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
39
Woodrow Wilson's list of terms for resolving WW1 and future wars was known as
14 points
40
Why was WW1 more destructive than previous wars
Modern weapons were more deadly
41
How did the role of women impact WW1
Keeping their nations' economies going during war
42
What are some of the effects of total war in britain
Censored press, countries devote all resources
43
Area btwn opposing trenches was known as
No man's land
44
What were conditions of Treaty of Versailles
War guilt clause, creation of league of nations, and war reparations for Germany
45
President of US during WW1 was
Woodrow Wilson
46
____________ Was an international association whose goal was to keep peace among nations
League of nations
47
_______________ is policy of glorifying war and keeping an army prepared for war
Militarism
48
Western front were the battlefields that stretched along which border
French/German
49
Eastern Front was a stretch of battlefield along which border
German and Russian
50
___________ Warefare is a type of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from parallel trenches
Trench
51
____________ is one sided info designed to persuadce
Propganda
52
________________ is where countries devote all their resources to war effort
Total War
53
______________ is system in which gov limits the amnts of items people can buy
Rationing
54
_______________ were Woodrow Wilson's plan for achieving a just and lasting peace after WW1
Fourteen points
55
Agreement to stop fighting is called an
Armistice
56
WW1 alliance that included Great Britain, France, and Russia was called
Triple Entente
57
Radical group of Russian Marxists who supported small number of committed revolutionaries were called
Bolsheviks
58
In Marxist philosophy, industrial class of workers are called
Proletariat
59
Czar that ended the Romanov Dynasty was
Nicholas II
60
Main leader of Bolshviks was
Vladimir Lenin
61
Which slogan expressed ideals of Lenin and Bolsheviks in 1917
Peace, land, bread
62
Despite elected legislature, who really controlled gov in USSR
Communist party
63
What were some results of Bolshevik Revolution
Civil War in Russia
64
What was bloody sunday
Day Czar's guards opened fire on peasant protest
65
Radical Marxist group willing to sacrifice everything for change are called
Bolsheviks
66
In Russia, what were local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers called
Soviets
67
Bolsheviks renamed themselves to this after the Bolshevik Revolution
Communist Party
68
Stalin's campaign of terror designed to eliminate anyone who threatened his power was called
Great Purge
69
Stalin's proposals for development of Soviet Union's economy were called
5 year plan
70
What was result of March Revolution
Czar Nicholas abdicated throne and provisional gov was created
71
During the Russian Civil War, the White Army consisted of groups that held what ideas?
Those who wanted Czar in power, Mensheviks who opposed Lenin's style of socialism and those who wanted democratic gov
72
Identify the major figures in Revolutions in Russia
Czar Nicholas II, Czarina Alexandra, Rasputin
73
What were the effects of Stalin's 5 year plans
Heavy industry expanded
74
By what means did Stalin's Communist Party ensure obedience
Secret police, censorship, terror
75
Why didn't Britain and France try to stop Hitler when he sent troops into the Rhineland
Policy of Appeasement
76
What position did the US take as conflict rose in Europe
Remained neutral
77
What happened at the munich conference in 1938
Agreed to let Hitler tale the Sudatenland
78
What was one reason Hitler signed the nonaggression act with Stalin
No war
79
Why did the Western European nations adopt the Policy of Appeasement
Thought Hitler was justified, would fight communism, and they had their own problems
80
What 3 countries were involved in the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis
Italy, Germany, Japan
81
German air attacks on Britain's air force and cities that lasted from summer of 1940 til May 1941 was known as
Battle of Britain
82
First day of invasion of Normandy in WW2 is known as
D-day
83
System of fortifications along France's border with Germany is
Maginot line
84
Name for Germany's air force
Luftwaffe
85
Immediate cause of WW2 was
Invasion of Poland
86
Which countries first declared war on Germany at start of WW2
France and Britain
87
Blitzkrieg is
Lightning war
88
The Lend Lease Act allowed
To lend military arms to other countries
89
The war in Europe ended when
Germany surrendered and knew they were being attacked on both fronts
90
Who was commander of the Allied forces in Europe
Dwight Eisnhower
91
Who was Prime Minister of Great Britain during WW2
Winston Churchill
92
What happened at Dunkirk in 1940
Allies were surrounded but rescued by British vessels
93
Hitler challenged the peace of Europe by sending troops into these places
Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland
94
The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because
US stopped selling oil
95
Japanese finally surrendered after
Nagasaki
96
Battle where Allied code breakers found out about the Japanese plan of attack and were able to surprise attack Japanese was
Battle of Midway
97
__________ signed armistice in same rail car used during armistice signing in WW1
France
98
At one point during WW2, reporters called it the
phony war
99
Rescue at Dunkirk made British morale go
Up
100
Spain and Switzerland remained __________ during WW2
Neutral
101
Opposition to all war
Pacifism
102
US declared war on _________ after they attacked Pearl harbor
Japan
103
US were able to capture island of _____________ after a long and hard fought battle
Iwo Jima
104
What events marked the start of Cold war between US and SOviet union
Berlin Blockade
105
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan
Provide aid to needy European countries for reconstruction
106
What were the goals of NATO and Warsaw Pact
NATO: Aimed to defend its member nations against aggression
Warsaw: Protect Soviet influence in Easter Europe
107
What was significance of Berlin Wall
Symbolized division btwn Wester and Eastern Europe
108
Who emerged as leader of Chines Communists after WW2
Mao Zedong
109
What was the main consequence of Mao's great leap forward
Famine and millions of deaths
110
How did the cultural revolution impact Chinese society
Led to social chaos and political repression
111
What line divided Korea into Communist and non-communist nations
38th parallel
112
Who was the leader of North Vietnam during Vietnam War
Ho Chi Minh
113
What was the main goal of the US in getting involved in Korean War
Defend South Korea from Communist aggression
114
Which country supported the North Koreans with tanks, airplanes, and money during Korean War
China
115
Who led Cuban Revolution and overthrew the unpopular dictator, Batista
Fidel Castro
116
Which country did the Soviet Union invade in 1979, leading to long and costly war
Afghanistan
117
What was the policy of reducing Cold War tensions called
Detente
118
What was the name of the policy to prevent the spread of communism followed by the Soviet Union
Brezhnev Doctrine
119
Which American president made the 1st visit to Communist China
Richard Nixon
120
What was the main cause of the renewed civil war btwn Nationalists and Communists after Japan surrendered
Political rivalries
121
Overall what was the goal of European countries when colonizing in different parts of the world*
Purposes of colonialism included economic exploitation of colony's people and natural resources, creation of new markets for colonizer, and extension of colonizer's way of life to population beyond its national borders
122
What were the main factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, and how did it impact course of Russian history in early 20th century
Social inequality and poverty, WW2, rising revolutionary movements and radical leaders like Lenin
Impact: End of monarchy, formation of USSR, civil war btwn Reds and Whites, complete transformation to communism
123
List and explain 5 major factors contributing to the outbreak of WW2
Treaty of Versailles- Hindered Germany from thriving and they believed it was too harsh. It led to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis and Hitler broke all rules.
Rise of fascism and militarism- Nationalism was high because Hitler was trying to get people to follow his ideas. Militarism was glorified and countries built up militaries to enlarge the armies and radical leaders made promises.
Policy of Appeasement- Western countries were still fatigued by WW1. Plus, they had their own problems to worry about.
Failure of League of Nations- Originally it was established to stop war but failed due to structural weaknesses. Since it failed, Hitler was able to advance his plans and expand.
The Great Depression- The bad economy led to social unrest. The people were looking for a leader to follow in a time of hopelessness and radical leaders promised a better life
124
What is the Holocaust, and how did the Nazis and their collaborators implement the Holocaust
Systematic genocide of millions of Jews, gypsies, disabled people, homosexuals, and political opponents by the Nazis during WW2
Nuremberg laws- stripped Jews of their rights
Kristallnacht- nationwide riot against the Jews
Ghettos- Jews forced to live in overcrowded arms of city
Eisatzgruppen- squads of Germans that would kill Jews
Concentration camps- Jews were sent to work or killed
Medical experiments- Jews were tortured and experimented on
