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10th grade > History Final Sem 2 > Flashcards

History Final Sem 2 Flashcards

1
Q

In mid 1800s, how was the continent of Africa divided

A

Berlin conference made rules
Divided into several territories controlled by European nations

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2
Q

Which countries colonized in Africa

A

European countries

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3
Q

Define Social Darwinism

A

Belief that those who are fittest for survival enjoy wealth

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4
Q

Which people were not invited to Berlin Conference in 1884-1885

A

African people

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5
Q

What are Cash Crop Plantations

A

Plantations where crops were planted for economic growth

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6
Q

What was decided at Berlin Conference in 1884-1885

A

European nations could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of its claim and showing they could control the area

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7
Q

Who were the first Europeans to settle in South Africa

A

Dutch

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8
Q

What is the definition of a colony

A

Country or territory governed internally by foreign power

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9
Q

What are some positive effects of imperialism

A

Reduced local warfare
Improved sanitation
Hospitals increased lifespan
Schools improved literacy rates

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10
Q

What are some negative effects of imperialism

A

New disease entered Africa (smallpox)
Many perished in resisting Europeans
Famines from cash crops
Breakdown of traditional culture

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11
Q

Dutch settlers fought against the British in the ________ War

A

Boer

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12
Q

The _______________ was a meeting in which 14 European nations established rules for division of Africa

A

Berlin Conference

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13
Q

Period of British rule over India from 1757-1947 is called

A

Raj

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14
Q

Which nation is the jewel in the crown

A

India

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15
Q

Suez Canal connected which bodies of water

A

Red Sea & Mediterranean

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16
Q

Seizure of a country or territory by stronger country is called

A

Imperialism

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17
Q

Why was Ethiopia able to resist European colonization

A

Combo of geographical challenges, strong leadership, military victories, national pride, strategic alliances

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18
Q

Who fought in Battle of Adowa

A

Italy & Ehtiopia

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19
Q

What does acronym MAIN represent

A

Militarism
Alliance
Imperialism
Nationalism

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20
Q

What are some of the major causes of rising international tensions in the early 1900s

A

Competition for colonial territories

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21
Q

How did Militarism help cause WW1

A

Glorified war & helped feed arms race

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22
Q

Who assassinated Austro-Hungarian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand

A

Gamrilo Princip

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23
Q

On eve of WW1, Bosnia was ruled by which country

A

Austria Hungary

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24
Q

What happened when Schlieffen Plan failed

A

There was stalemate and trench warfare on western front

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25
Q

Who was leader of Germany as WW1 began

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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26
Q

What part of Europe was known as the powder keg of Europe

A

Balkans

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27
Q

What are some reasons that Russia began to mobilize for war

A

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and Russia supported Serbia

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28
Q

Why did British declare war on Germany

A

Protect Belgium

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29
Q

Why did British declare war on Germany

A

Protect Belgium

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30
Q

What events caused Britain to fight in WW1

A

Germany invaded Belgium and there was understanding to keep Belgium neutral

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31
Q

What was Schlieffen Plan designed to avoid

A

Avoid war on 2 fronts

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32
Q

Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over enemy in trench warfare

A

Machine gun

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33
Q

Nation devoting all their resources to war effort is known as

A

Total war

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34
Q

What British passenger liner was sunk by Germany U-boats in May 1915, killing approx 1200 passengers

A

Lusitonia

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35
Q

In Zimmerman telegram, what did Germany offer to Mexico if they joined the Central Powers

A

Return of Mexican land lost to US to Mexico

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36
Q

The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause is known as what

A

Propaganda

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37
Q

How did women help in war effort

A

Worked in factories making supplies for the war

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38
Q

What ended Russia’s participation in WW1

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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39
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s list of terms for resolving WW1 and future wars was known as

A

14 points

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40
Q

Why was WW1 more destructive than previous wars

A

Modern weapons were more deadly

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41
Q

How did the role of women impact WW1

A

Keeping their nations’ economies going during war

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42
Q

What are some of the effects of total war in britain

A

Censored press, countries devote all resources

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43
Q

Area btwn opposing trenches was known as

A

No man’s land

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44
Q

What were conditions of Treaty of Versailles

A

War guilt clause, creation of league of nations, and war reparations for Germany

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45
Q

President of US during WW1 was

A

Woodrow Wilson

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46
Q

____________ Was an international association whose goal was to keep peace among nations

A

League of nations

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47
Q

_______________ is policy of glorifying war and keeping an army prepared for war

A

Militarism

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48
Q

Western front were the battlefields that stretched along which border

A

French/German

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49
Q

Eastern Front was a stretch of battlefield along which border

A

German and Russian

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50
Q

___________ Warefare is a type of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from parallel trenches

A

Trench

51
Q

____________ is one sided info designed to persuadce

A

Propganda

52
Q

________________ is where countries devote all their resources to war effort

A

Total War

53
Q

______________ is system in which gov limits the amnts of items people can buy

A

Rationing

54
Q

_______________ were Woodrow Wilson’s plan for achieving a just and lasting peace after WW1

A

Fourteen points

55
Q

Agreement to stop fighting is called an

A

Armistice

56
Q

WW1 alliance that included Great Britain, France, and Russia was called

A

Triple Entente

57
Q

Radical group of Russian Marxists who supported small number of committed revolutionaries were called

A

Bolsheviks

58
Q

In Marxist philosophy, industrial class of workers are called

A

Proletariat

59
Q

Czar that ended the Romanov Dynasty was

A

Nicholas II

60
Q

Main leader of Bolshviks was

A

Vladimir Lenin

61
Q

Which slogan expressed ideals of Lenin and Bolsheviks in 1917

A

Peace, land, bread

62
Q

Despite elected legislature, who really controlled gov in USSR

A

Communist party

63
Q

What were some results of Bolshevik Revolution

A

Civil War in Russia

64
Q

What was bloody sunday

A

Day Czar’s guards opened fire on peasant protest

65
Q

Radical Marxist group willing to sacrifice everything for change are called

A

Bolsheviks

66
Q

In Russia, what were local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers called

A

Soviets

67
Q

Bolsheviks renamed themselves to this after the Bolshevik Revolution

A

Communist Party

68
Q

Stalin’s campaign of terror designed to eliminate anyone who threatened his power was called

A

Great Purge

69
Q

Stalin’s proposals for development of Soviet Union’s economy were called

A

5 year plan

70
Q

What was result of March Revolution

A

Czar Nicholas abdicated throne and provisional gov was created

71
Q

During the Russian Civil War, the White Army consisted of groups that held what ideas?

A

Those who wanted Czar in power, Mensheviks who opposed Lenin’s style of socialism and those who wanted democratic gov

72
Q

Identify the major figures in Revolutions in Russia

A

Czar Nicholas II, Czarina Alexandra, Rasputin

73
Q

What were the effects of Stalin’s 5 year plans

A

Heavy industry expanded

74
Q

By what means did Stalin’s Communist Party ensure obedience

A

Secret police, censorship, terror

75
Q

Why didn’t Britain and France try to stop Hitler when he sent troops into the Rhineland

A

Policy of Appeasement

76
Q

What position did the US take as conflict rose in Europe

A

Remained neutral

77
Q

What happened at the munich conference in 1938

A

Agreed to let Hitler tale the Sudatenland

78
Q

What was one reason Hitler signed the nonaggression act with Stalin

A

No war

79
Q

Why did the Western European nations adopt the Policy of Appeasement

A

Thought Hitler was justified, would fight communism, and they had their own problems

80
Q

What 3 countries were involved in the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis

A

Italy, Germany, Japan

81
Q

German air attacks on Britain’s air force and cities that lasted from summer of 1940 til May 1941 was known as

A

Battle of Britain

82
Q

First day of invasion of Normandy in WW2 is known as

A

D-day

83
Q

System of fortifications along France’s border with Germany is

A

Maginot line

84
Q

Name for Germany’s air force

A

Luftwaffe

85
Q

Immediate cause of WW2 was

A

Invasion of Poland

86
Q

Which countries first declared war on Germany at start of WW2

A

France and Britain

87
Q

Blitzkrieg is

A

Lightning war

88
Q

The Lend Lease Act allowed

A

To lend military arms to other countries

89
Q

The war in Europe ended when

A

Germany surrendered and knew they were being attacked on both fronts

90
Q

Who was commander of the Allied forces in Europe

A

Dwight Eisnhower

91
Q

Who was Prime Minister of Great Britain during WW2

A

Winston Churchill

92
Q

What happened at Dunkirk in 1940

A

Allies were surrounded but rescued by British vessels

93
Q

Hitler challenged the peace of Europe by sending troops into these places

A

Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland

94
Q

The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because

A

US stopped selling oil

95
Q

Japanese finally surrendered after

A

Nagasaki

96
Q

Battle where Allied code breakers found out about the Japanese plan of attack and were able to surprise attack Japanese was

A

Battle of Midway

97
Q

__________ signed armistice in same rail car used during armistice signing in WW1

A

France

98
Q

At one point during WW2, reporters called it the

A

phony war

99
Q

Rescue at Dunkirk made British morale go

A

Up

100
Q

Spain and Switzerland remained __________ during WW2

A

Neutral

101
Q

Opposition to all war

A

Pacifism

102
Q

US declared war on _________ after they attacked Pearl harbor

A

Japan

103
Q

US were able to capture island of _____________ after a long and hard fought battle

A

Iwo Jima

104
Q

What events marked the start of Cold war between US and SOviet union

A

Berlin Blockade

105
Q

What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan

A

Provide aid to needy European countries for reconstruction

106
Q

What were the goals of NATO and Warsaw Pact

A

NATO: Aimed to defend its member nations against aggression
Warsaw: Protect Soviet influence in Easter Europe

107
Q

What was significance of Berlin Wall

A

Symbolized division btwn Wester and Eastern Europe

108
Q

Who emerged as leader of Chines Communists after WW2

A

Mao Zedong

109
Q

What was the main consequence of Mao’s great leap forward

A

Famine and millions of deaths

110
Q

How did the cultural revolution impact Chinese society

A

Led to social chaos and political repression

111
Q

What line divided Korea into Communist and non-communist nations

A

38th parallel

112
Q

Who was the leader of North Vietnam during Vietnam War

A

Ho Chi Minh

113
Q

What was the main goal of the US in getting involved in Korean War

A

Defend South Korea from Communist aggression

114
Q

Which country supported the North Koreans with tanks, airplanes, and money during Korean War

A

China

115
Q

Who led Cuban Revolution and overthrew the unpopular dictator, Batista

A

Fidel Castro

116
Q

Which country did the Soviet Union invade in 1979, leading to long and costly war

A

Afghanistan

117
Q

What was the policy of reducing Cold War tensions called

A

Detente

118
Q

What was the name of the policy to prevent the spread of communism followed by the Soviet Union

A

Brezhnev Doctrine

119
Q

Which American president made the 1st visit to Communist China

A

Richard Nixon

120
Q

What was the main cause of the renewed civil war btwn Nationalists and Communists after Japan surrendered

A

Political rivalries

121
Q

Overall what was the goal of European countries when colonizing in different parts of the world*

A

Purposes of colonialism included economic exploitation of colony’s people and natural resources, creation of new markets for colonizer, and extension of colonizer’s way of life to population beyond its national borders

122
Q

What were the main factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, and how did it impact course of Russian history in early 20th century

A

Social inequality and poverty, WW2, rising revolutionary movements and radical leaders like Lenin
Impact: End of monarchy, formation of USSR, civil war btwn Reds and Whites, complete transformation to communism

123
Q

List and explain 5 major factors contributing to the outbreak of WW2

A

Treaty of Versailles- Hindered Germany from thriving and they believed it was too harsh. It led to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis and Hitler broke all rules.
Rise of fascism and militarism- Nationalism was high because Hitler was trying to get people to follow his ideas. Militarism was glorified and countries built up militaries to enlarge the armies and radical leaders made promises.
Policy of Appeasement- Western countries were still fatigued by WW1. Plus, they had their own problems to worry about.
Failure of League of Nations- Originally it was established to stop war but failed due to structural weaknesses. Since it failed, Hitler was able to advance his plans and expand.
The Great Depression- The bad economy led to social unrest. The people were looking for a leader to follow in a time of hopelessness and radical leaders promised a better life

124
Q

What is the Holocaust, and how did the Nazis and their collaborators implement the Holocaust

A

Systematic genocide of millions of Jews, gypsies, disabled people, homosexuals, and political opponents by the Nazis during WW2
Nuremberg laws- stripped Jews of their rights
Kristallnacht- nationwide riot against the Jews
Ghettos- Jews forced to live in overcrowded arms of city
Eisatzgruppen- squads of Germans that would kill Jews
Concentration camps- Jews were sent to work or killed
Medical experiments- Jews were tortured and experimented on

10th grade (71 decks)

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