History Ch 1 Flashcards
Oligarchy
Government ruled by a few powerful people
Monarchy
Government ruled by 1 person (King or queen)
Tyranny
Cruel and oppressive gov
Democracy
Ruled by people
Aristocracy
Government ruled by small group of noble landowning families
City-state
Surrounding territory forms independent state
Who was Caesar’s adopted son and successor
Augustus (Octavian)
How long did the Pax Romana last
200 years
After Julius Caesar captured Italy, he became
Dictator
In the early Roman Republic, the farmers, merchants, and artisans were called
Plebeians
In the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating
Carthage
The conquest or domination of one country by another is
Imperialism
The Emperor who divided Rome in 2 – East and West believing it would be easier to run was
Constantine
Some reasons why the Roman Empire fell
High taxes, lower class was unhappy, expanded border too quickly, military generals staring taking more power
Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire
Augustus
Which city did Rome pour salt over the earth so that nothing would grow there again
Carthage
This is the type of government that the US has
Repulican
Which is a form of government in which people elect their leaders
Representative
Who were Rome’s upperclass
Patricians
What is the Black Death
A pandemic disease called the Bubonic plague
What is chivalry
A set of behaviors toward knightly opponents
What was the Great Schism
Split in the Catholic Church
What was the impact of the Black Death and persistent warfare in the feudal system
It helped undermine the feudal system
What was the impact of the Renaissance on Europe
It led to Europe’s rebirth
What was the Senate’s main job in the Roman Republic
Controlled both foreign and domestic affairs (to set policies)
What was the position of dictator in the Roman Republic
Absolute power given to make laws and command the army (temporary magistrate)
How did Caesar rise to power in Rome
Triumvirate: Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey ruled over Rome as consuls (formed alliance with Crassus and Pompey)
What happened to Caesar in 44 BCE
Senators stabbed him to death
What characteristics did the Roman empire have long before it became the Roman Empire
Unified system, military expansion, diversity of subject peoples
What are the 3 major monotheistic religions
Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Know the core beliefs of Hinduism and Buddhism
Buddhism- Life is full of suffering, one can eliminate suffering through meditating and good behavior
Hinduism- Pantheistic religion, everything encompasses god
What are the different views of Jesus in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
Islam sees Jesus as a prophet but not God’s Son. Judaism sees Jesus as a false Messiah. Christianity sees Jesus as the Messiah Son of God
The US democratic government was influenced by Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian ideas which include
A representative government, protecting rights of the individual, citizens have the right to vote, equal rights under the law, limiting power of government, and individual has value
